What are the four critical life functions listed in order of priority? - ANSWER 1. Ventilation
- inhale O2, exhale CO2
2. Oxygenation - getting O2 into the blood
3. Circulation - heart beating to move blood around to get O2 to all parts of body
4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse tissue to deliver oxygen to body cells
What is the first step in patient assessment? - ANSWER Check the chart
What would be the next steps in patient assessment? - ANSWER History and Physical
Exam and check radiographs
Which of the four critical life functions are the first priority? - ANSWER Ventilation
What is the definition of an emergency? - ANSWER When one or more of the life func-
tions are being threatened.
What assessments would measure how well a patient is ventilating? - ANSWER RR,
breath sounds, tidal volume, chest movement; vital signs
How would you know that a patient is having a problem with oxygenation? - ANSWER
HEART RATE! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygenating. Color, sensorium
How will you know if a patient is circulating? - ANSWER what kind of pulse, capillary refill,
cardiac output
What is the main parameter to know if someone is perfusing? - ANSWER blood pressure
1
,What other ways can perfusion be measured? - ANSWER temperature, sensorium, urine
output
What is the most common life function problem? - ANSWER oxygenation
What is the first drug given to everybody? - ANSWER oxygen
What items should be reviewed in a patient's chart before giving respiratory therapy treat-
ments? - ANSWER everything
What is the age of a fetus neonate, infant, child, adolescent? - ANSWER Fetus = Before
birth
Neonate = 0-1 month
Infant = 1 month to 1 year
Child = 1 year to puberty
Adolescent = puberty to adult
What are the most important electrolytes and what is their function? - ANSWER sodium,
chloride, potassium
What is the normal neonatal electrolyte value for sodium, chloride, and potassium? - AN-
SWER Sodium = 133-149 mEq/L
Chloride = 87-114 mEq/L
Potassium = 5.3-6.4 mEq/L
What is the normal urine output level for an infant? - ANSWER 2 mL/kg per hour
2
,What values are included in the CBC and what are the normal values? - ANSWER RBC =
4.1-5.7 mm3 WBC = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates may have a higher normal WBC)
Hematocrit = 37.4-56.1%
Hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6
g/dL
low on RBC = low on hemoglobin = oxygenation affected
RBC x 3 = hemoglobin
Hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit (know this)
What is the normal type of hemoglobin? - ANSWER Hemoglobin A
What is a Coomb's test? - ANSWER incomapatabilty; RH Factor; give Rogham
What does bilirubin help to evaluate? - ANSWER peaks during pregnancy, after delivery
rises after few days and then falls; if baby jaundice = bilirubin problem
What is the normal value for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth? - ANSWER 4-5 mg/dL
at birth
How is hyper bilirubin treated? - ANSWER phototherapy
What is the normal glucose level for a term infant? - ANSWER 55-115 mg/dL
What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn? - ANSWER infection
or sepsis
3
, What are 3 causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn? - ANSWER happens when mom is
diabetic; prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis
What procedure is required to obtain fluid for L/S ratio measurement? - ANSWER amnio-
centesis; very invasive
What is the significance of an L/S Ratio of 1:1? - ANSWER Anything less than
2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for RDS
How long does it take to get the results of the Shake Test? - ANSWER 15 minutes
What is the significance of the presence of bubbles in the Shake Test Fluid? - ANSWER
presence of mature surfactant
What information is obtained from evaluation of PG and PC levels? - ANSWER lung ma-
turity levels
PG is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity
What factors in the maternal history would indicate a high risk pregnancy? - ANSWER
current age - less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine; fetal alcohol
syndrome; nutrition; diabetes; how many previous live births
What size of babies will diabetic mothers deliver? - ANSWER Big babies; they look full
term, but they aren't
What is the significance of a Group B Strep Infection in the mother? - ANSWER Can pass
right on to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress.
Define Para. - ANSWER Number of pregnancies resulting in live birth
4
- inhale O2, exhale CO2
2. Oxygenation - getting O2 into the blood
3. Circulation - heart beating to move blood around to get O2 to all parts of body
4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse tissue to deliver oxygen to body cells
What is the first step in patient assessment? - ANSWER Check the chart
What would be the next steps in patient assessment? - ANSWER History and Physical
Exam and check radiographs
Which of the four critical life functions are the first priority? - ANSWER Ventilation
What is the definition of an emergency? - ANSWER When one or more of the life func-
tions are being threatened.
What assessments would measure how well a patient is ventilating? - ANSWER RR,
breath sounds, tidal volume, chest movement; vital signs
How would you know that a patient is having a problem with oxygenation? - ANSWER
HEART RATE! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygenating. Color, sensorium
How will you know if a patient is circulating? - ANSWER what kind of pulse, capillary refill,
cardiac output
What is the main parameter to know if someone is perfusing? - ANSWER blood pressure
1
,What other ways can perfusion be measured? - ANSWER temperature, sensorium, urine
output
What is the most common life function problem? - ANSWER oxygenation
What is the first drug given to everybody? - ANSWER oxygen
What items should be reviewed in a patient's chart before giving respiratory therapy treat-
ments? - ANSWER everything
What is the age of a fetus neonate, infant, child, adolescent? - ANSWER Fetus = Before
birth
Neonate = 0-1 month
Infant = 1 month to 1 year
Child = 1 year to puberty
Adolescent = puberty to adult
What are the most important electrolytes and what is their function? - ANSWER sodium,
chloride, potassium
What is the normal neonatal electrolyte value for sodium, chloride, and potassium? - AN-
SWER Sodium = 133-149 mEq/L
Chloride = 87-114 mEq/L
Potassium = 5.3-6.4 mEq/L
What is the normal urine output level for an infant? - ANSWER 2 mL/kg per hour
2
,What values are included in the CBC and what are the normal values? - ANSWER RBC =
4.1-5.7 mm3 WBC = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates may have a higher normal WBC)
Hematocrit = 37.4-56.1%
Hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6
g/dL
low on RBC = low on hemoglobin = oxygenation affected
RBC x 3 = hemoglobin
Hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit (know this)
What is the normal type of hemoglobin? - ANSWER Hemoglobin A
What is a Coomb's test? - ANSWER incomapatabilty; RH Factor; give Rogham
What does bilirubin help to evaluate? - ANSWER peaks during pregnancy, after delivery
rises after few days and then falls; if baby jaundice = bilirubin problem
What is the normal value for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth? - ANSWER 4-5 mg/dL
at birth
How is hyper bilirubin treated? - ANSWER phototherapy
What is the normal glucose level for a term infant? - ANSWER 55-115 mg/dL
What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn? - ANSWER infection
or sepsis
3
, What are 3 causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn? - ANSWER happens when mom is
diabetic; prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis
What procedure is required to obtain fluid for L/S ratio measurement? - ANSWER amnio-
centesis; very invasive
What is the significance of an L/S Ratio of 1:1? - ANSWER Anything less than
2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for RDS
How long does it take to get the results of the Shake Test? - ANSWER 15 minutes
What is the significance of the presence of bubbles in the Shake Test Fluid? - ANSWER
presence of mature surfactant
What information is obtained from evaluation of PG and PC levels? - ANSWER lung ma-
turity levels
PG is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity
What factors in the maternal history would indicate a high risk pregnancy? - ANSWER
current age - less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine; fetal alcohol
syndrome; nutrition; diabetes; how many previous live births
What size of babies will diabetic mothers deliver? - ANSWER Big babies; they look full
term, but they aren't
What is the significance of a Group B Strep Infection in the mother? - ANSWER Can pass
right on to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress.
Define Para. - ANSWER Number of pregnancies resulting in live birth
4
