2023-2024 Seksuele
psychologie:
empirische
psychologische
benaderingen
LESSEN
Laurence Claessens
[BEDRIJFSNAAM]
1
,INLEIDING.......................................................................................................................................5
Formaliteiten ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Evaluatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
The Right Mindset ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Fast forward to the present… Or recent past ....................................................................................................... 6
Relatie tussen theorie (of conceptueel kader) en onderzoek.............................................................................. 7
Onderwerpen .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
EVOLUTIONAIR PSYCHOLOGISCHE BENADERINGEN ............................................................................. 10
Evolutie ......................................................................................................................................................................10
Waarom hebben we seks? ...................................................................................................................................10
Van evolutietheorie naar de psychologie van relaties en seksualiteit? ................................................................11
Evolutionaire psychologie en seksualiteit ...............................................................................................................11
THEORY OF PARENTAL INVENTMENT AND SEXUAL SELECTION – OUDERSCHAPSINVESTERING....................11
SEKSUELE VERSCHILLEN TUSSEN MANNEN EN VROUWEN ...............................................................................13
Erotische flexibiliteit .............................................................................................................................................14
Seksueel geweld....................................................................................................................................................14
SEKS EN PERSOONLIJKHEID: TREKTHEORETISCHE BENADERINGEN ......................................................... 16
WAT IS EEN TREK?.....................................................................................................................................................16
Hippocrates: ..........................................................................................................................................................16
Trektheoretische benaderingen...........................................................................................................................16
TREKKEN EN SEKSUALITEIT .......................................................................................................................................18
algemene trekken die seksueel zijn .....................................................................................................................19
Algemene trekken en seksualiteit........................................................................................................................19
Seksuele trekken .......................................................................................................................................................24
Erotofilie/erotofobie.............................................................................................................................................24
Socioseksualiteit....................................................................................................................................................25
Seksuele excitatie/inhibitie ..................................................................................................................................27
DUAL CONTROL MODEL OF SEXUAL RESPONSE (J. BANCROFT & E. JANSSEN) ............................................28
SEKSUELE INHIBITIE & EXCITATIE VRAGENLIJST (SIS/SES) .............................................................................30
ANDER ONDERZOEK..........................................................................................................................................32
Kaplan’s ‘dual control elements’(1995) ......................................................................................................32
Perelman’s ‘sexual tipping point’ (2005) ....................................................................................................33
Conclusie: Kaplan/Perelman:.......................................................................................................................34
SEKSUELE EXCITATIE/INHIBITIE EN SEKSUEEL GEDRAG, PROBLEMEN EN DISFUNCTIES .............................34
Seksuele disfuncties .....................................................................................................................................34
Andere toepassingen: Seksueel risicogedrag, Seksuele agressie, Seksuele compulsiviteit ....................35
2
, Samenvatting ................................................................................................................................................38
KLINISCHE TOEPASSINGEN EN THEORETISCHE INTEGRATIE VAN HET DCM ................................................38
SOCIAAL COGNITIEVE BENADERINGEN .............................................................................................. 40
EMOTIES en seks .......................................................................................................................................................40
Over emoties .........................................................................................................................................................40
Discrete en dimensionele emotiemodellen ........................................................................................................42
Positieve vs negatieve emoties en seksuele opwinding.....................................................................................44
Emoties en seksueel gedrag .................................................................................................................................46
Seks (Seksueel gedrag) → emoties..................................................................................................................46
Emoties → Seks (seksueel gedrag) ..................................................................................................................47
Back to risky seks… .......................................................................................................................................48
Cognitieve modellen .................................................................................................................................................51
MASTERS & JOHNSON – SEKSUELE RESPONS CYCLUS .......................................................................................52
BARLOW - MODEL OF SEXUAL RESPONSE...........................................................................................................53
COGNITIEVE PROCESSEN ......................................................................................................................................57
INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL OF SEXUAL AROUSAL ..............................................................................59
SEKSUELE OPWINDING, DISCORDANTIE EN GENDERVERSCHILLEN ..................................................................59
Seksuele opwinding ..........................................................................................................................................59
Concordantie en Discordantie .........................................................................................................................61
SEKSUEEL VERLANGEN – MOTIVATIE ......................................................................................................................64
SEKSUELE MOTIEVEN ≠ SEKSUELE MOTIVATIE ...................................................................................................64
DRIVE-OPVATTING VAN SEKSUEEL VERLANGEN.................................................................................................65
ALTERNATIEVE BENADERINGEN ..........................................................................................................................66
Push-pull model (incentive motivation)..........................................................................................................68
VERSCHIL TUSSEN MANNEN EN VROUWEN? .....................................................................................................70
Rosemary Basson (circulair model) .................................................................................................................70
Kaplan – Masters & Johnson (lineair model) ..................................................................................................70
GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND SEKSUEEL GEDRAG (#METOO)....................................................................... 73
INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................................................73
SEKSUEEL GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG - #METOO ......................................................................................74
DEFINITIES..................................................................................................................................................................75
Welke begrippen? .................................................................................................................................................75
Consent en wanted/unwanted experience.........................................................................................................76
PREVALENTIE VAN SEKSUEEL GEWELD....................................................................................................................78
EEN (NIEUWE) EPIDEMIE? ........................................................................................................................................80
DADERS EN DETERMINANTEN .................................................................................................................................80
Daders ....................................................................................................................................................................80
3
, Determinanten ......................................................................................................................................................81
BENADERINGEN VANUIT VERSCHILLENDE THEORIEËN ..........................................................................................83
Evolutionair psychologische benaderingen.........................................................................................................83
Trektheoretische benaderingen...........................................................................................................................83
Sociaal cognitieve benaderingen .........................................................................................................................84
Preventieprogramma’s .............................................................................................................................................84
NIEUWE ONTWIKKELINGEN IN BELGIË ....................................................................................................................84
CONCLUSIE.............................................................................................................................................................85
PORNO......................................................................................................................................... 86
WAT IS PORNO? ........................................................................................................................................................86
WAAROM GEBRUIKEN MENSEN PORNO?...............................................................................................................87
Historiek.................................................................................................................................................................88
Anno 2020: The plot thickens (and sickens)........................................................................................................88
Why do people use porn? ........................................................................................................................................91
WIE GEBRUIKT ER PORNO? ......................................................................................................................................91
WAT ZIJN DE EFFECTEN VAN PORNO?.....................................................................................................................95
Vroegere bezorgdheden: Seksuele agressie/seksisme/criminaliteit.................................................................95
Huidige focus: Porno- of seksverslaving/Erectiele dysfunctie (ED) ...................................................................99
Pornoverslaving ................................................................................................................................................99
Effecten op relaties en seksuele (dys)functie? ............................................................................................ 103
4
psychologie:
empirische
psychologische
benaderingen
LESSEN
Laurence Claessens
[BEDRIJFSNAAM]
1
,INLEIDING.......................................................................................................................................5
Formaliteiten ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Evaluatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
The Right Mindset ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Fast forward to the present… Or recent past ....................................................................................................... 6
Relatie tussen theorie (of conceptueel kader) en onderzoek.............................................................................. 7
Onderwerpen .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
EVOLUTIONAIR PSYCHOLOGISCHE BENADERINGEN ............................................................................. 10
Evolutie ......................................................................................................................................................................10
Waarom hebben we seks? ...................................................................................................................................10
Van evolutietheorie naar de psychologie van relaties en seksualiteit? ................................................................11
Evolutionaire psychologie en seksualiteit ...............................................................................................................11
THEORY OF PARENTAL INVENTMENT AND SEXUAL SELECTION – OUDERSCHAPSINVESTERING....................11
SEKSUELE VERSCHILLEN TUSSEN MANNEN EN VROUWEN ...............................................................................13
Erotische flexibiliteit .............................................................................................................................................14
Seksueel geweld....................................................................................................................................................14
SEKS EN PERSOONLIJKHEID: TREKTHEORETISCHE BENADERINGEN ......................................................... 16
WAT IS EEN TREK?.....................................................................................................................................................16
Hippocrates: ..........................................................................................................................................................16
Trektheoretische benaderingen...........................................................................................................................16
TREKKEN EN SEKSUALITEIT .......................................................................................................................................18
algemene trekken die seksueel zijn .....................................................................................................................19
Algemene trekken en seksualiteit........................................................................................................................19
Seksuele trekken .......................................................................................................................................................24
Erotofilie/erotofobie.............................................................................................................................................24
Socioseksualiteit....................................................................................................................................................25
Seksuele excitatie/inhibitie ..................................................................................................................................27
DUAL CONTROL MODEL OF SEXUAL RESPONSE (J. BANCROFT & E. JANSSEN) ............................................28
SEKSUELE INHIBITIE & EXCITATIE VRAGENLIJST (SIS/SES) .............................................................................30
ANDER ONDERZOEK..........................................................................................................................................32
Kaplan’s ‘dual control elements’(1995) ......................................................................................................32
Perelman’s ‘sexual tipping point’ (2005) ....................................................................................................33
Conclusie: Kaplan/Perelman:.......................................................................................................................34
SEKSUELE EXCITATIE/INHIBITIE EN SEKSUEEL GEDRAG, PROBLEMEN EN DISFUNCTIES .............................34
Seksuele disfuncties .....................................................................................................................................34
Andere toepassingen: Seksueel risicogedrag, Seksuele agressie, Seksuele compulsiviteit ....................35
2
, Samenvatting ................................................................................................................................................38
KLINISCHE TOEPASSINGEN EN THEORETISCHE INTEGRATIE VAN HET DCM ................................................38
SOCIAAL COGNITIEVE BENADERINGEN .............................................................................................. 40
EMOTIES en seks .......................................................................................................................................................40
Over emoties .........................................................................................................................................................40
Discrete en dimensionele emotiemodellen ........................................................................................................42
Positieve vs negatieve emoties en seksuele opwinding.....................................................................................44
Emoties en seksueel gedrag .................................................................................................................................46
Seks (Seksueel gedrag) → emoties..................................................................................................................46
Emoties → Seks (seksueel gedrag) ..................................................................................................................47
Back to risky seks… .......................................................................................................................................48
Cognitieve modellen .................................................................................................................................................51
MASTERS & JOHNSON – SEKSUELE RESPONS CYCLUS .......................................................................................52
BARLOW - MODEL OF SEXUAL RESPONSE...........................................................................................................53
COGNITIEVE PROCESSEN ......................................................................................................................................57
INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL OF SEXUAL AROUSAL ..............................................................................59
SEKSUELE OPWINDING, DISCORDANTIE EN GENDERVERSCHILLEN ..................................................................59
Seksuele opwinding ..........................................................................................................................................59
Concordantie en Discordantie .........................................................................................................................61
SEKSUEEL VERLANGEN – MOTIVATIE ......................................................................................................................64
SEKSUELE MOTIEVEN ≠ SEKSUELE MOTIVATIE ...................................................................................................64
DRIVE-OPVATTING VAN SEKSUEEL VERLANGEN.................................................................................................65
ALTERNATIEVE BENADERINGEN ..........................................................................................................................66
Push-pull model (incentive motivation)..........................................................................................................68
VERSCHIL TUSSEN MANNEN EN VROUWEN? .....................................................................................................70
Rosemary Basson (circulair model) .................................................................................................................70
Kaplan – Masters & Johnson (lineair model) ..................................................................................................70
GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND SEKSUEEL GEDRAG (#METOO)....................................................................... 73
INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................................................73
SEKSUEEL GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG - #METOO ......................................................................................74
DEFINITIES..................................................................................................................................................................75
Welke begrippen? .................................................................................................................................................75
Consent en wanted/unwanted experience.........................................................................................................76
PREVALENTIE VAN SEKSUEEL GEWELD....................................................................................................................78
EEN (NIEUWE) EPIDEMIE? ........................................................................................................................................80
DADERS EN DETERMINANTEN .................................................................................................................................80
Daders ....................................................................................................................................................................80
3
, Determinanten ......................................................................................................................................................81
BENADERINGEN VANUIT VERSCHILLENDE THEORIEËN ..........................................................................................83
Evolutionair psychologische benaderingen.........................................................................................................83
Trektheoretische benaderingen...........................................................................................................................83
Sociaal cognitieve benaderingen .........................................................................................................................84
Preventieprogramma’s .............................................................................................................................................84
NIEUWE ONTWIKKELINGEN IN BELGIË ....................................................................................................................84
CONCLUSIE.............................................................................................................................................................85
PORNO......................................................................................................................................... 86
WAT IS PORNO? ........................................................................................................................................................86
WAAROM GEBRUIKEN MENSEN PORNO?...............................................................................................................87
Historiek.................................................................................................................................................................88
Anno 2020: The plot thickens (and sickens)........................................................................................................88
Why do people use porn? ........................................................................................................................................91
WIE GEBRUIKT ER PORNO? ......................................................................................................................................91
WAT ZIJN DE EFFECTEN VAN PORNO?.....................................................................................................................95
Vroegere bezorgdheden: Seksuele agressie/seksisme/criminaliteit.................................................................95
Huidige focus: Porno- of seksverslaving/Erectiele dysfunctie (ED) ...................................................................99
Pornoverslaving ................................................................................................................................................99
Effecten op relaties en seksuele (dys)functie? ............................................................................................ 103
4
