Comprehensive Study Guide D345
1
Section 1 Highlight Guide
• 1. Neurotransmitters: know all the neurotransmitters, the role of
various neurotransmitters in various diagnosis and symptoms.
Recommendation: Make a chart with various diagnosis and the role
various neurotransmitters play in that diagnosis/symptom.
• The study of the magnitude and variation of drug response is the
definition of pharmacodynamics. Psychodynamics is the study of
what the body does to a drug and helps explain the relationship
between the dose and response.
o Dopamine produced in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
area
▪ D: Drive/Drugs
▪ O: psychOsis
▪ P: Prolactin Inhibition
▪ A: Attention
▪ M: Motivation
▪ I: Involuntary Movements
▪ N: Nausea
▪ E: Energy
o Serotonin is produced mostly in Raphe nucleus
▪ DOMAINS: Depression, Obsession, Migraines, Anxiety,
Intestines, Nausea, and Sexual.
▪ Serotonin Syndrome: Shits and SHIVERS.
Shits(diarrhea), Shivering, Hyperreflexia, Increased
temperature, Vital sign instability, Encephalopathy,
Restlessness, and Sweating.
o Norepinephrine is produced in locus ceruleus of the pons
▪ Receptors A1, A2, B1, B2, and B3. More blood vessels.
▪ Fight or flight. Sympathetic nervous system.
▪ Concentrating, focusing, burst of energy, increased
BP/HR, mobilizing glucose
o Epinephrine produced by the adrenal glands
▪ More heart
▪ Fight or flight. Sympathetic nervous system.
o Acetylcholine synthesized by the Basal Nucleus of Meynart
▪ Parasympathetic Nervous system. Rest and Digest. Feed
and breed.
o Muscarinic Receptors
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
2
▪ SLUDGEM. Salivation, Lacrimation,
Urination, Diaphoresis, GI effects, emesis, and
miosis.
o Nicotinic: Muscle contraction and cognition.
o Glutamate
▪ Excitatory. Effects learning, memory, and
thoughts. glutaMATe.
o GABA(y-aminobutyric acid).
▪ Inhibitory. Like a gabber who goes on and on and puts
everyone to sleep.
o Histamine:
▪ antiHISTAmines Help with Insomnia, Stomach acid,
and Allergies.
▪ Insomnia, stomach acid, allergies.
o Dopamine produced in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
area
o Serotonin is produced mostly in Raphe nucleus
o Norepinephrine is produced in locus ceruleus of the pons
o Epinephrine produced by the adrenal glands
o Acetylcholine synthesized by the Basal Nucleus of Meynart
o Glutamate
o GABA(y-aminobutyric acid).
• 2. Components of a neuron and their role/functions
o Dendrites
o Dendritic Spines
o Soma(cell body)
▪ Contains the nucleus.
o Presynaptic/Post synaptic
• 3. G-Protein linked system
o First messenger passes to the second. In G Link, this is
chemical.
,Comprehensive Study Guide D345
3
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
4
• 4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics are factors that affect
both.
o Pharmacokinetics- What the BODY does to the drug or how it is
processed by the body.
o Pharmacodynamics- What the Drug does to the body and how
it produces the therapeutic effect. The MOA.
o Pharmacokinetics processes vary between patients because they
are affected by body factors such as gender, age, weight,
genetics, and also drug-drug interactions. The process is
affected by a pregnancy and a patient's pathophysiology.
o Pharmacodynamics is another process involving the
relationship between drug concentration at the site of action
and its effects. Medication binding determines drug impact at
the site of movement with a receptor. Understanding each
medication's full range of receptor interactions is critical
• 5. Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist, depolarization,
repolarization
o Agonist- Substance which initiates a physiological response
when combined with a receptor.
o Antagonist- Substance that interferes/inhibits the
physiological action of another.
o Partial Agonist- Binds to a receptor and activates it, but to a
lesser extent than a full agonist.
1
Section 1 Highlight Guide
• 1. Neurotransmitters: know all the neurotransmitters, the role of
various neurotransmitters in various diagnosis and symptoms.
Recommendation: Make a chart with various diagnosis and the role
various neurotransmitters play in that diagnosis/symptom.
• The study of the magnitude and variation of drug response is the
definition of pharmacodynamics. Psychodynamics is the study of
what the body does to a drug and helps explain the relationship
between the dose and response.
o Dopamine produced in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
area
▪ D: Drive/Drugs
▪ O: psychOsis
▪ P: Prolactin Inhibition
▪ A: Attention
▪ M: Motivation
▪ I: Involuntary Movements
▪ N: Nausea
▪ E: Energy
o Serotonin is produced mostly in Raphe nucleus
▪ DOMAINS: Depression, Obsession, Migraines, Anxiety,
Intestines, Nausea, and Sexual.
▪ Serotonin Syndrome: Shits and SHIVERS.
Shits(diarrhea), Shivering, Hyperreflexia, Increased
temperature, Vital sign instability, Encephalopathy,
Restlessness, and Sweating.
o Norepinephrine is produced in locus ceruleus of the pons
▪ Receptors A1, A2, B1, B2, and B3. More blood vessels.
▪ Fight or flight. Sympathetic nervous system.
▪ Concentrating, focusing, burst of energy, increased
BP/HR, mobilizing glucose
o Epinephrine produced by the adrenal glands
▪ More heart
▪ Fight or flight. Sympathetic nervous system.
o Acetylcholine synthesized by the Basal Nucleus of Meynart
▪ Parasympathetic Nervous system. Rest and Digest. Feed
and breed.
o Muscarinic Receptors
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
2
▪ SLUDGEM. Salivation, Lacrimation,
Urination, Diaphoresis, GI effects, emesis, and
miosis.
o Nicotinic: Muscle contraction and cognition.
o Glutamate
▪ Excitatory. Effects learning, memory, and
thoughts. glutaMATe.
o GABA(y-aminobutyric acid).
▪ Inhibitory. Like a gabber who goes on and on and puts
everyone to sleep.
o Histamine:
▪ antiHISTAmines Help with Insomnia, Stomach acid,
and Allergies.
▪ Insomnia, stomach acid, allergies.
o Dopamine produced in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
area
o Serotonin is produced mostly in Raphe nucleus
o Norepinephrine is produced in locus ceruleus of the pons
o Epinephrine produced by the adrenal glands
o Acetylcholine synthesized by the Basal Nucleus of Meynart
o Glutamate
o GABA(y-aminobutyric acid).
• 2. Components of a neuron and their role/functions
o Dendrites
o Dendritic Spines
o Soma(cell body)
▪ Contains the nucleus.
o Presynaptic/Post synaptic
• 3. G-Protein linked system
o First messenger passes to the second. In G Link, this is
chemical.
,Comprehensive Study Guide D345
3
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
4
• 4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics are factors that affect
both.
o Pharmacokinetics- What the BODY does to the drug or how it is
processed by the body.
o Pharmacodynamics- What the Drug does to the body and how
it produces the therapeutic effect. The MOA.
o Pharmacokinetics processes vary between patients because they
are affected by body factors such as gender, age, weight,
genetics, and also drug-drug interactions. The process is
affected by a pregnancy and a patient's pathophysiology.
o Pharmacodynamics is another process involving the
relationship between drug concentration at the site of action
and its effects. Medication binding determines drug impact at
the site of movement with a receptor. Understanding each
medication's full range of receptor interactions is critical
• 5. Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist, depolarization,
repolarization
o Agonist- Substance which initiates a physiological response
when combined with a receptor.
o Antagonist- Substance that interferes/inhibits the
physiological action of another.
o Partial Agonist- Binds to a receptor and activates it, but to a
lesser extent than a full agonist.
