NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam 2025
Updated Actual Questions and Corr Verified Answers
,1.Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind
edema formation in heart failure?
·A) Increased capillary oncotic pressure
·B) Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
·C) Decreased capillary permeability
· D) Decreased lymphatic drainage
Answer: B) Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Rationale: In heart failure, the heart is unable to pump blood
efficiently,leading to an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure. This
increased pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries into the surrounding
tissue,causing edema.
2.Which of the following is a key factor in the development of
atherosclerosis?
· A) Increased HDL levels
·B) Endothelial injury
· C) High levels of fibrinogen
·D) Decreased LDL levels
Answer:B) Endothelial injury
Rationale: Endothelial injury is a critical step in the development of
atherosclerosis. It allows lipids, particularly LDL, to enter the arterial walls,
where they can becomeoxidized and initiate an inflammatory response
that leads to plaque formation.
3. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which of the followingis the primary cause
of metabolic acidosis?
·A)Decreased renal excretion of hydrogen ions
, · B) Increased production of ketone bodies
·C) Decreased bicarbonate production by the kidneys
· D) Increased retention of carbon dioxide
Answer: B) Increased production of ketone bodies
Rationale: In DKA, the body breaks down fat for energy due to a lack of
insulin. This process produces ketone bodies, which are acidic, leading to
metabolic acidosis. The accumulation of ketones overwhelms the buffering
system.
4. What is the most common cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD)?
·A)Excessive alcohol consumption
· B) Obesity and insulin resistance
· C) Chronic viral hepatitis
·D) Genetic mutations in liver metabolism
Answer: B) Obesity and insulin resistance
Rationale: NAFLD is primarily associated with obesity and insulin
resistance.These conditions lead to fat accumulation in the liver, which can
progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis.
5.In the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
which of the following plays a major role in the damage to the alveolar-
capillary membrane?
·A) Hypercapnia
·B) Inflammatory cytokines
· C) Pulmonary embolism
· D) Atelectasis
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam 2025
Updated Actual Questions and Corr Verified Answers
,1.Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind
edema formation in heart failure?
·A) Increased capillary oncotic pressure
·B) Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
·C) Decreased capillary permeability
· D) Decreased lymphatic drainage
Answer: B) Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Rationale: In heart failure, the heart is unable to pump blood
efficiently,leading to an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure. This
increased pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries into the surrounding
tissue,causing edema.
2.Which of the following is a key factor in the development of
atherosclerosis?
· A) Increased HDL levels
·B) Endothelial injury
· C) High levels of fibrinogen
·D) Decreased LDL levels
Answer:B) Endothelial injury
Rationale: Endothelial injury is a critical step in the development of
atherosclerosis. It allows lipids, particularly LDL, to enter the arterial walls,
where they can becomeoxidized and initiate an inflammatory response
that leads to plaque formation.
3. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which of the followingis the primary cause
of metabolic acidosis?
·A)Decreased renal excretion of hydrogen ions
, · B) Increased production of ketone bodies
·C) Decreased bicarbonate production by the kidneys
· D) Increased retention of carbon dioxide
Answer: B) Increased production of ketone bodies
Rationale: In DKA, the body breaks down fat for energy due to a lack of
insulin. This process produces ketone bodies, which are acidic, leading to
metabolic acidosis. The accumulation of ketones overwhelms the buffering
system.
4. What is the most common cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD)?
·A)Excessive alcohol consumption
· B) Obesity and insulin resistance
· C) Chronic viral hepatitis
·D) Genetic mutations in liver metabolism
Answer: B) Obesity and insulin resistance
Rationale: NAFLD is primarily associated with obesity and insulin
resistance.These conditions lead to fat accumulation in the liver, which can
progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis.
5.In the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
which of the following plays a major role in the damage to the alveolar-
capillary membrane?
·A) Hypercapnia
·B) Inflammatory cytokines
· C) Pulmonary embolism
· D) Atelectasis
