NU-333 Exam #1 Complete Study Guide | Nursing Practice Questions & Answers
first period of reactivity - correct answer ✔✔phase 1 od newborn transition
newborn is alert, bowel sounds are audible, spontaneous startles, movement, crying. rapid
HR(starting around 160-180 and moving to a baseline of 100-120) and RR(60-80 irregular) up to
30 mins after birth (ends with sleep or dec. in motor activity)
period of decreased responsiveness - correct answer ✔✔phase 2 of newborn transition
lasts 60 to 100 minutes, skin is pin, respirations are rapid (~60 per min) and shallow (not
labored), bowel sounds are audible
second period of reactivity - correct answer ✔✔phase 3 of newborn transition
usually between 2-8 hours after birth, lasts 10 min to multiple hours, inc. muscle tone, changes
in skin color, mucus production, mecionium is usually passed. (very preterm will not have this
b/c of immaturity)
chemical factors initiate breathing - correct answer ✔✔Even though the fetus is able to recover
from the decreased blood flow to the placenta during contractions, there is a cumulative effect
of labor contractions results in the progressive decline of PO2 and increase in PCO2, and
lowered blood pH - These changes in levels initiate neonatal breathing by stimulating the
respiratory center in the medulla
mechanical factors initiate breathing - correct answer ✔✔compression of chest during birth
increases intrathoracic pressure, with birth the pressure is released and the negative pressure
helps to draw air into lungs, crying helps distribute air in lungs and keeps alveoli open
thermal factors initiate breathing - correct answer ✔✔temperature is significantly lower outside
the uterus, temperature change stimulates receptors on skin and stimulate the respiratory
centers of the medulla
, sensory factors initiate breathing - correct answer ✔✔stimulation can help stimulate the
respiratory center (handling infant, suctioning mouth and nose, drying, new lights , sounds, and
smells)
catecholamine surge - correct answer ✔✔promotes fluid clearance from lung
transient tachypnea of the newborn - correct answer ✔✔Caused by low levels of
catecholamines.
surfactant - correct answer ✔✔a protein that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli, reduces
the amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli, and decreases the tendency of the alveoli
to collapse. (made by type II lung cells)
nose breathers - correct answer ✔✔Newborns & infants are what type of breathers?
nasal obstruction -> mouth open to maintain airway (reflex)
abdominal breathing - correct answer ✔✔diaphramagmatic, since the newborn can not expand
the rib cage easily
seesaw/paradoxical respirations - correct answer ✔✔The chest falls when the abdomen rises
and the chest rises when abdomen falls. Sign of severe respiratory difficulty. *Normally chest
and abdomen rise and fall together during respiration.*
acrocyanosis - correct answer ✔✔peripheral cyanosis; the blue discoloration of the hands and
feet which is common within the first 24 hours after birth.
central cyanosis - correct answer ✔✔lips and mucus membranes are bluish, this is a sign of
hypoxemia and usually respiratory distress
first period of reactivity - correct answer ✔✔phase 1 od newborn transition
newborn is alert, bowel sounds are audible, spontaneous startles, movement, crying. rapid
HR(starting around 160-180 and moving to a baseline of 100-120) and RR(60-80 irregular) up to
30 mins after birth (ends with sleep or dec. in motor activity)
period of decreased responsiveness - correct answer ✔✔phase 2 of newborn transition
lasts 60 to 100 minutes, skin is pin, respirations are rapid (~60 per min) and shallow (not
labored), bowel sounds are audible
second period of reactivity - correct answer ✔✔phase 3 of newborn transition
usually between 2-8 hours after birth, lasts 10 min to multiple hours, inc. muscle tone, changes
in skin color, mucus production, mecionium is usually passed. (very preterm will not have this
b/c of immaturity)
chemical factors initiate breathing - correct answer ✔✔Even though the fetus is able to recover
from the decreased blood flow to the placenta during contractions, there is a cumulative effect
of labor contractions results in the progressive decline of PO2 and increase in PCO2, and
lowered blood pH - These changes in levels initiate neonatal breathing by stimulating the
respiratory center in the medulla
mechanical factors initiate breathing - correct answer ✔✔compression of chest during birth
increases intrathoracic pressure, with birth the pressure is released and the negative pressure
helps to draw air into lungs, crying helps distribute air in lungs and keeps alveoli open
thermal factors initiate breathing - correct answer ✔✔temperature is significantly lower outside
the uterus, temperature change stimulates receptors on skin and stimulate the respiratory
centers of the medulla
, sensory factors initiate breathing - correct answer ✔✔stimulation can help stimulate the
respiratory center (handling infant, suctioning mouth and nose, drying, new lights , sounds, and
smells)
catecholamine surge - correct answer ✔✔promotes fluid clearance from lung
transient tachypnea of the newborn - correct answer ✔✔Caused by low levels of
catecholamines.
surfactant - correct answer ✔✔a protein that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli, reduces
the amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli, and decreases the tendency of the alveoli
to collapse. (made by type II lung cells)
nose breathers - correct answer ✔✔Newborns & infants are what type of breathers?
nasal obstruction -> mouth open to maintain airway (reflex)
abdominal breathing - correct answer ✔✔diaphramagmatic, since the newborn can not expand
the rib cage easily
seesaw/paradoxical respirations - correct answer ✔✔The chest falls when the abdomen rises
and the chest rises when abdomen falls. Sign of severe respiratory difficulty. *Normally chest
and abdomen rise and fall together during respiration.*
acrocyanosis - correct answer ✔✔peripheral cyanosis; the blue discoloration of the hands and
feet which is common within the first 24 hours after birth.
central cyanosis - correct answer ✔✔lips and mucus membranes are bluish, this is a sign of
hypoxemia and usually respiratory distress
