BIO 201 RIO SALADO EXAM
1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
Explain the principle of complementarity.
Anatomy and physiology are inseparable because function always reflects structure
examples.) bones support and protect body organs because they contain hard
mineral deposits and, blood flows in one direction through the heart because the
heart has valves that prevent back flow.
Levels of structural organization (in order of increasing complexity)
1) Chemical Level- At this level atoms, tiny building blocks of matter combine to form
molecules such as water and proteins.
2) Cellular Level- All cells have some common functions, but individual cells vary
widely in size and shape, reflecting their unique functions in the body.
3) Tissue Level- Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function
4) Organ Level- Organs are made up of different tissues.
5) Organ (System) level- Organ systems consist of different organs that work
together closely.
6) Organismal Level- The human organism is made up of many organ systems.
11 Organ systems of the body (major functions)
1) Integumentary System- Forms the external body covering.
2) Skeletal System- Protects and supports body organs.
3) Muscular System- Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial
expressions.
4) Lymphatic System- Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the
blood
5) Respiratory System- Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes
carbon dioxide.
6) Digestive System- Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for
distribution to body cells.
7) Nervous System- Fast acting control system of the body.
8) Endocrine System- Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as
growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
9)Cardiovascular System- Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen,
carbon dioxide, nutrients , wastes, etc.
10) Urinary System- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
11) Reproductive System- Overall function is production of offspring.
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
Negative Feedback Mechanisms- In these systems, the output shuts off the original
stimulus or reduces intensity. Examples: Regulation of body temperatures;
Withdrawal Reflex in which the hand is jerked away from a painful stimulus such as a
broken glass; As blood volume drops, the hypothalamus of the brain is stimulated to
release ADH to the blood.
Positive Feedback Mechanisms- The result or response enhances the original
, stimulus so that the activity is accelerated. Examples: Homeostatic mechanisms are
the enhancement of labor contractions during birth and blood clotting.
Homeostatic Imbalance and Disease.
Most disease can be regarded as a result of the disturbance of homeostasis, which
is known as homeostatic imbalance. Any abnormal condition is known as
homeostatic imbalance.
Dorsal Posterior Cavity
Cranial and Spinal & protects delicate organs (brain and spinal cord)
Ventral (Anterior Cavity)
Squamous cells tend to be flat, horizontal, an elliptical mirroring the form of a cel.
The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and
cardiovascular system., the mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelium that forms
the surface layer of serous membranes, that line, body cavities, and internal organs
Cuboidal cells tend to look like boxes that appear around and are located near the
center of the cell
Columnar cells are tall column cells that tend to be elongated and located in the
basal end of the cells
Describe the structure and function of endocrine and exocrine glands and their
respective secretions
The secretion of endocrine glands are called hormones. They are part of a major
regulatory system, coordinating the regulation and integration of body responses.
Examples are pituitary, thymus, adrenal cortex, and gonads.
Exocrine gland released our contents through duct that leads to all the epithelial
surface mucus sweat. Saliva and breastmilk are all examples of secretions from
exocrine glands. They released through tubular ducts.
Explain the functions of connective tissues
Connective tissues have many functions, including support and connect to other
tissues.
They also can protect in the form of fibrous capsules and bones that protect delicate
organs, and the skeletal system
can defend the body from microorganisms to enter the body using specialized cells
and they can transport fluids, nutrients, waste, and chemical messengers is insured
by specialized fluid
Identify and distinguish between the types of connective tissue: proper, supportive,
and fluid
Connective tissue proper includes
Lose connective tissue where fibers are loosely organized, leaving large space in
between,
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
dense connective tissue, which is reinforced by bundles of fiber that provide
strength, elasticity and protection
1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
Explain the principle of complementarity.
Anatomy and physiology are inseparable because function always reflects structure
examples.) bones support and protect body organs because they contain hard
mineral deposits and, blood flows in one direction through the heart because the
heart has valves that prevent back flow.
Levels of structural organization (in order of increasing complexity)
1) Chemical Level- At this level atoms, tiny building blocks of matter combine to form
molecules such as water and proteins.
2) Cellular Level- All cells have some common functions, but individual cells vary
widely in size and shape, reflecting their unique functions in the body.
3) Tissue Level- Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function
4) Organ Level- Organs are made up of different tissues.
5) Organ (System) level- Organ systems consist of different organs that work
together closely.
6) Organismal Level- The human organism is made up of many organ systems.
11 Organ systems of the body (major functions)
1) Integumentary System- Forms the external body covering.
2) Skeletal System- Protects and supports body organs.
3) Muscular System- Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial
expressions.
4) Lymphatic System- Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the
blood
5) Respiratory System- Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes
carbon dioxide.
6) Digestive System- Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for
distribution to body cells.
7) Nervous System- Fast acting control system of the body.
8) Endocrine System- Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as
growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
9)Cardiovascular System- Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen,
carbon dioxide, nutrients , wastes, etc.
10) Urinary System- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
11) Reproductive System- Overall function is production of offspring.
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
Negative Feedback Mechanisms- In these systems, the output shuts off the original
stimulus or reduces intensity. Examples: Regulation of body temperatures;
Withdrawal Reflex in which the hand is jerked away from a painful stimulus such as a
broken glass; As blood volume drops, the hypothalamus of the brain is stimulated to
release ADH to the blood.
Positive Feedback Mechanisms- The result or response enhances the original
, stimulus so that the activity is accelerated. Examples: Homeostatic mechanisms are
the enhancement of labor contractions during birth and blood clotting.
Homeostatic Imbalance and Disease.
Most disease can be regarded as a result of the disturbance of homeostasis, which
is known as homeostatic imbalance. Any abnormal condition is known as
homeostatic imbalance.
Dorsal Posterior Cavity
Cranial and Spinal & protects delicate organs (brain and spinal cord)
Ventral (Anterior Cavity)
Squamous cells tend to be flat, horizontal, an elliptical mirroring the form of a cel.
The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and
cardiovascular system., the mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelium that forms
the surface layer of serous membranes, that line, body cavities, and internal organs
Cuboidal cells tend to look like boxes that appear around and are located near the
center of the cell
Columnar cells are tall column cells that tend to be elongated and located in the
basal end of the cells
Describe the structure and function of endocrine and exocrine glands and their
respective secretions
The secretion of endocrine glands are called hormones. They are part of a major
regulatory system, coordinating the regulation and integration of body responses.
Examples are pituitary, thymus, adrenal cortex, and gonads.
Exocrine gland released our contents through duct that leads to all the epithelial
surface mucus sweat. Saliva and breastmilk are all examples of secretions from
exocrine glands. They released through tubular ducts.
Explain the functions of connective tissues
Connective tissues have many functions, including support and connect to other
tissues.
They also can protect in the form of fibrous capsules and bones that protect delicate
organs, and the skeletal system
can defend the body from microorganisms to enter the body using specialized cells
and they can transport fluids, nutrients, waste, and chemical messengers is insured
by specialized fluid
Identify and distinguish between the types of connective tissue: proper, supportive,
and fluid
Connective tissue proper includes
Lose connective tissue where fibers are loosely organized, leaving large space in
between,
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
dense connective tissue, which is reinforced by bundles of fiber that provide
strength, elasticity and protection
