Nursing 212 midterm UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
High-level wellness - CORRECT ANSWER -as an "integrated method of functioning that is oriented to
maximizing each person's potential while maintaining a balance and direction within the person's environment
perceived age - CORRECT ANSWER -other peoples estimation of someones age
chronological age - CORRECT ANSWER -length of time that has passed since birth
aging - CORRECT ANSWER -begins at birth and is defined by persons meaning and experience
subjective age - CORRECT ANSWER -how old a person thinks they are
functional age - CORRECT ANSWER -whether an individual can continue in society and experience a person
quality of life
Ageism - CORRECT ANSWER -The prejudices and stereotypes that are applied to older people based on age and
the negative attitude toward aging and older people
- in medical care
-in the workplace
-in care homes
-in media
Institution ageism is a system problem, impacted by: - CORRECT ANSWER -Underlying assumptions within a
culture and society
Hidden biases in policy and protocols that are unseen, unquestioned, or dismissed as thats just the way it is'
Effects of ageism - CORRECT ANSWER -- aging anxiety
- age attribution
- anti-aging
Aging anxiety - CORRECT ANSWER -all ages have a fear and worries about detrimental effects associated with
older adulthood such as social losses, financial insecurity, changes in appearance and declines in health and functioning
Age attribution - CORRECT ANSWER -the tendency to attribute problems to aging process rather than to
pathological and potentially treatable conditions
antiaging: - CORRECT ANSWER -views aging as a process that can be stopped and the life span as something that
can be extended for up to 200 years
Effects of ageism in health care system - CORRECT ANSWER --Ageism influence policy formation, insurance
reimbursement and treatment regimes
-People often receive less aggressive treatment for common ailments, which are dismissed as a natural part of aging
-Often older adults and health care providers mistakenly attribute symptoms to aging rather than identify and address the
contributing factors that are reversible and treatable
Ways of fighting ageism as a nursing student - CORRECT ANSWER --Reflect on practice and become aware of
any hidden institutional bias
-Increase positive interaction with older adults
-Increase knowledge to address misconceptions regarding aging
Informal caregiver: - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to the provision of assistance to a family member or friend in a
non professional and unpaid role to support the person in a community setting
skipped generation households - CORRECT ANSWER -households containing grandparents and grandchildren
without either parent present
,Ethnogeriatrics - CORRECT ANSWER -referred to as the component of geriatres that integrates the influence of
race, ethnicity and culture on health and wellbeing of older adults
Health disparities: - CORRECT ANSWER -cultural competency is essential to eliminate this, between cultural
groups
Cultural competency - CORRECT ANSWER -is a set of beliefs, attitudes, knowledge and skills that can be adapted
to manage cultural differences in work settings
-an ongoing press, rather than an endpoint, in which the nurse continuously strives to work effectively within the cultural
context of the individual family or community
Cultural competence skills - CORRECT ANSWER --To ease cultural barriers between nurses and patients
-To reduce racial and ethnic disparities
-To develop culturally sensitive communication
-To improve patient outcomes
Cultural self assessment - CORRECT ANSWER -an awareness-raising tool for gaining insight into the health-
related values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices that one holds
linguistic competence - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to health care services that are respectful of and responsive to
a person's linguistic needs, is one small part of cultural competence
Health belief system: - CORRECT ANSWER -health-related attitudes, beliefs and practices (of one's cultural group
health disparities - CORRECT ANSWER -significant differences with regard to the rates of disease incidence,
prevalence, morbidity, mortality or life expectancy between one population and another
cultural awareness - CORRECT ANSWER -recognizing the values of the client and self
Cultural Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -recognizing that there may be different meaning of the client's
behavior and looking objectively for possible cues
Cultural Recognition: - CORRECT ANSWER -recognizing that clients from different cultures may have different
customs and behaviors
Cultural diversity in canadian older adults - CORRECT ANSWER -Canadians are experiencing increasing
diversity in race and ethnicity, notably from Asian and Middle Eastern immigration
19.1% of Canadians self-identified as from a visible minority (2/3 immigrated; 1/3 born in Canada)
Largest visible minority groups in Canada from 2015 census data: South Asians, Chinese, and Black Canadians, and
Filipino.
South asain canadians - CORRECT ANSWER -Largest visible minority in Canada
Multiple countries and multi-faith people groups more common since the early 1900s
Older South Asians report barriers accessing health services, including culture and language differences, lengthy waiting
lists, lack of available transport
They have high risk of asthma and Diabetes (Type 2)
Southeast asian canadian - CORRECT ANSWER -Immigration from Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Notable health disparities:
Higher rates of Cervical cancer (Vietnamese)
Higher rates of Type 2 diabetes (Filipino)
Poorer health exhibited in older adults, partially related to war trauma
Chinese canadians - CORRECT ANSWER -Until 2006, Chinese Canadians made up the largest visible minority in
Canada
Older Chinese Canadians are often in good health, concerns lay more in cultural and linguistic barriers
Illness is believed to be the result of excess heat or cold that has entered the body and caused an imbalance
Canadians - CORRECT ANSWER -Includes First Nations (61%), Metis (32%), and Inuit (4%)
, About 630 First Nations communities across Canada
Only 53 long-term care facilities are managed by First Nations Health (FNH)
Shorter life expectancy due to multiple factors (unemployment, poor housing, violence, crime, incarceration and
substance abuse; only 5.9% of Aboriginals are >65 years)
Gerontology vs. Geriatrics - CORRECT ANSWER -Gerontology: study of aging and older adults
Scientific study of the effects of time on human development
Is a holistic approach to the study of aging and older adults
Geriatrics: subspecialty in internal medicine or family practice that focuses on the medical problems of older people
Gerontological nursing - CORRECT ANSWER -commonly used instead of geriatric nursing to more accurately
reflect the broader scope of nursing care rather than a focus on disease conditions
Why is gerontological nursing important? - CORRECT ANSWER --Gerontological nursing is core knowledge for
the entire profession of nursing.
-The proportion of the population that is considered old is increasing and care of older persons is the fastest growing
employment segment in the health care industry.
-Most nurses care for older people during the course of their career.
-Public looks to nurses to be care providers who have the knowledge and skills to help people age well.
Health - CORRECT ANSWER -an individually defined state or process in which the individual (nurse, client,
family, group or community) experiences a sense of well-being, harmony, and unity such that subjective experiences
about health, health beliefs and values are honours
- ability of older adults to function at their highest capacity despite the presence of age-related changes and risk factors
Well-ness - CORRECT ANSWER -is integrated, congruent functioning aimed toward reaching one's highest
potential
Gerontological Nursing Standards of Practice and Competencies (4th ed, 2020)
6 standards of practice - CORRECT ANSWER -Standard 1. Relational Care
Standard 2. Ethical Care
Standard 3. Evidence Informed Care
Standard 4. Aesthetic/Artful Care
Standard 5. Safe Care
Standard 6. Socio-Politically Engaged Care
Older adults in other diverse groups: - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Older adults in rural and remote areas
2. Homeless older adults
Social and behavioural problems
3. Older adults who identify as LGBTQIA+
- Victim of stigma and violence
- Have anxiety, chronic stress, Social isolation and avoidance of services
- Poor relationship with family
- Less financially secure
- Poor overall health
- High risk of HIV
-And higher prevalence of cancer, depression, and chronic disease, and disability risk
4. Older adults with intellectual disabilities
- 45 years old is considered older
Gerontology nursing theories - CORRECT ANSWER -guides nurses to promote wellness of older adults
functional consequences theory - CORRECT ANSWER -is a framework to address unique relationships among
concepts of person, nursing health and environment in the context of promoting wellness for older adults
Environment - CORRECT ANSWER -broad concept that includes all aspects of the setting in which the care is
provided; for dependent older adults, the envirovent also includes their caregivers
Subculture theory - CORRECT ANSWER -first proposed by Rose in the early 1960s, states that old people, as a
group, have their own norms, expectations, beliefs and habits
CORRECT Answers
High-level wellness - CORRECT ANSWER -as an "integrated method of functioning that is oriented to
maximizing each person's potential while maintaining a balance and direction within the person's environment
perceived age - CORRECT ANSWER -other peoples estimation of someones age
chronological age - CORRECT ANSWER -length of time that has passed since birth
aging - CORRECT ANSWER -begins at birth and is defined by persons meaning and experience
subjective age - CORRECT ANSWER -how old a person thinks they are
functional age - CORRECT ANSWER -whether an individual can continue in society and experience a person
quality of life
Ageism - CORRECT ANSWER -The prejudices and stereotypes that are applied to older people based on age and
the negative attitude toward aging and older people
- in medical care
-in the workplace
-in care homes
-in media
Institution ageism is a system problem, impacted by: - CORRECT ANSWER -Underlying assumptions within a
culture and society
Hidden biases in policy and protocols that are unseen, unquestioned, or dismissed as thats just the way it is'
Effects of ageism - CORRECT ANSWER -- aging anxiety
- age attribution
- anti-aging
Aging anxiety - CORRECT ANSWER -all ages have a fear and worries about detrimental effects associated with
older adulthood such as social losses, financial insecurity, changes in appearance and declines in health and functioning
Age attribution - CORRECT ANSWER -the tendency to attribute problems to aging process rather than to
pathological and potentially treatable conditions
antiaging: - CORRECT ANSWER -views aging as a process that can be stopped and the life span as something that
can be extended for up to 200 years
Effects of ageism in health care system - CORRECT ANSWER --Ageism influence policy formation, insurance
reimbursement and treatment regimes
-People often receive less aggressive treatment for common ailments, which are dismissed as a natural part of aging
-Often older adults and health care providers mistakenly attribute symptoms to aging rather than identify and address the
contributing factors that are reversible and treatable
Ways of fighting ageism as a nursing student - CORRECT ANSWER --Reflect on practice and become aware of
any hidden institutional bias
-Increase positive interaction with older adults
-Increase knowledge to address misconceptions regarding aging
Informal caregiver: - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to the provision of assistance to a family member or friend in a
non professional and unpaid role to support the person in a community setting
skipped generation households - CORRECT ANSWER -households containing grandparents and grandchildren
without either parent present
,Ethnogeriatrics - CORRECT ANSWER -referred to as the component of geriatres that integrates the influence of
race, ethnicity and culture on health and wellbeing of older adults
Health disparities: - CORRECT ANSWER -cultural competency is essential to eliminate this, between cultural
groups
Cultural competency - CORRECT ANSWER -is a set of beliefs, attitudes, knowledge and skills that can be adapted
to manage cultural differences in work settings
-an ongoing press, rather than an endpoint, in which the nurse continuously strives to work effectively within the cultural
context of the individual family or community
Cultural competence skills - CORRECT ANSWER --To ease cultural barriers between nurses and patients
-To reduce racial and ethnic disparities
-To develop culturally sensitive communication
-To improve patient outcomes
Cultural self assessment - CORRECT ANSWER -an awareness-raising tool for gaining insight into the health-
related values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices that one holds
linguistic competence - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to health care services that are respectful of and responsive to
a person's linguistic needs, is one small part of cultural competence
Health belief system: - CORRECT ANSWER -health-related attitudes, beliefs and practices (of one's cultural group
health disparities - CORRECT ANSWER -significant differences with regard to the rates of disease incidence,
prevalence, morbidity, mortality or life expectancy between one population and another
cultural awareness - CORRECT ANSWER -recognizing the values of the client and self
Cultural Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -recognizing that there may be different meaning of the client's
behavior and looking objectively for possible cues
Cultural Recognition: - CORRECT ANSWER -recognizing that clients from different cultures may have different
customs and behaviors
Cultural diversity in canadian older adults - CORRECT ANSWER -Canadians are experiencing increasing
diversity in race and ethnicity, notably from Asian and Middle Eastern immigration
19.1% of Canadians self-identified as from a visible minority (2/3 immigrated; 1/3 born in Canada)
Largest visible minority groups in Canada from 2015 census data: South Asians, Chinese, and Black Canadians, and
Filipino.
South asain canadians - CORRECT ANSWER -Largest visible minority in Canada
Multiple countries and multi-faith people groups more common since the early 1900s
Older South Asians report barriers accessing health services, including culture and language differences, lengthy waiting
lists, lack of available transport
They have high risk of asthma and Diabetes (Type 2)
Southeast asian canadian - CORRECT ANSWER -Immigration from Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Notable health disparities:
Higher rates of Cervical cancer (Vietnamese)
Higher rates of Type 2 diabetes (Filipino)
Poorer health exhibited in older adults, partially related to war trauma
Chinese canadians - CORRECT ANSWER -Until 2006, Chinese Canadians made up the largest visible minority in
Canada
Older Chinese Canadians are often in good health, concerns lay more in cultural and linguistic barriers
Illness is believed to be the result of excess heat or cold that has entered the body and caused an imbalance
Canadians - CORRECT ANSWER -Includes First Nations (61%), Metis (32%), and Inuit (4%)
, About 630 First Nations communities across Canada
Only 53 long-term care facilities are managed by First Nations Health (FNH)
Shorter life expectancy due to multiple factors (unemployment, poor housing, violence, crime, incarceration and
substance abuse; only 5.9% of Aboriginals are >65 years)
Gerontology vs. Geriatrics - CORRECT ANSWER -Gerontology: study of aging and older adults
Scientific study of the effects of time on human development
Is a holistic approach to the study of aging and older adults
Geriatrics: subspecialty in internal medicine or family practice that focuses on the medical problems of older people
Gerontological nursing - CORRECT ANSWER -commonly used instead of geriatric nursing to more accurately
reflect the broader scope of nursing care rather than a focus on disease conditions
Why is gerontological nursing important? - CORRECT ANSWER --Gerontological nursing is core knowledge for
the entire profession of nursing.
-The proportion of the population that is considered old is increasing and care of older persons is the fastest growing
employment segment in the health care industry.
-Most nurses care for older people during the course of their career.
-Public looks to nurses to be care providers who have the knowledge and skills to help people age well.
Health - CORRECT ANSWER -an individually defined state or process in which the individual (nurse, client,
family, group or community) experiences a sense of well-being, harmony, and unity such that subjective experiences
about health, health beliefs and values are honours
- ability of older adults to function at their highest capacity despite the presence of age-related changes and risk factors
Well-ness - CORRECT ANSWER -is integrated, congruent functioning aimed toward reaching one's highest
potential
Gerontological Nursing Standards of Practice and Competencies (4th ed, 2020)
6 standards of practice - CORRECT ANSWER -Standard 1. Relational Care
Standard 2. Ethical Care
Standard 3. Evidence Informed Care
Standard 4. Aesthetic/Artful Care
Standard 5. Safe Care
Standard 6. Socio-Politically Engaged Care
Older adults in other diverse groups: - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Older adults in rural and remote areas
2. Homeless older adults
Social and behavioural problems
3. Older adults who identify as LGBTQIA+
- Victim of stigma and violence
- Have anxiety, chronic stress, Social isolation and avoidance of services
- Poor relationship with family
- Less financially secure
- Poor overall health
- High risk of HIV
-And higher prevalence of cancer, depression, and chronic disease, and disability risk
4. Older adults with intellectual disabilities
- 45 years old is considered older
Gerontology nursing theories - CORRECT ANSWER -guides nurses to promote wellness of older adults
functional consequences theory - CORRECT ANSWER -is a framework to address unique relationships among
concepts of person, nursing health and environment in the context of promoting wellness for older adults
Environment - CORRECT ANSWER -broad concept that includes all aspects of the setting in which the care is
provided; for dependent older adults, the envirovent also includes their caregivers
Subculture theory - CORRECT ANSWER -first proposed by Rose in the early 1960s, states that old people, as a
group, have their own norms, expectations, beliefs and habits
