SLCC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - UNIT 5 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM EXAM
2026|2027 UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
| ALREADY GRADED A+
(Classification of Chest Pain)
Angina Pectoris- Ishemia - CORRECT ANSWER -Cause: Temporary cardiac ischemia caused by increased
myocardial workload
EKG changes : none or transient
Plasma enzyme levels: normal
Pain relief: rest, nitroglycerin
other management: Beta Blockers, Ca+ channel blockers
(Classification of Chest Pain)
Infarction (Myocardial Infarction) - CORRECT ANSWER -cause: Irreversible ischemia produces necrosis
and scarring
EKG changes: permanent abnormal changes
Plasma enzyme levels: elevated trop &CK-MB
pain relief: O2, nitroglycerin, narcotics
other management: Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, angioplasty
Treatment of chest pain - CORRECT ANSWER -(M.O.N.A.)
M= Morphine, O = Oxygen, N = Nitroglycerin, A = Aspirin
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,Myocardial Infarction Pain - CORRECT ANSWER -Sudden onset
Substernal
Crushing
Tightness
Severe
Unrelieved by Nitro
May radiate to: Back, Neck, Jaw, Shoulder, Arm
Myocardial Infarction S/S - CORRECT ANSWER -Pain
Dyspnea
Syncope [decreased BP]
Nausea
Vomiting
Extreme Weakness
Diaphoresis
Denial is common
Increased HR
DVT s/s and rx - CORRECT ANSWER -Tenderness, *swelling, redness/warmth in affected leg* [when
compared to the other leg]
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, rx: anticoagulants ( heprin, coumadin, plavix,lovenenox) and preventions - modifiable risk factors : (Sitting
for long periods, desk job, birth control pills, obesity, smoking)
(Arterial Disorders)
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD) - CORRECT ANSWER -Caused by *athrosclerotic* blockages
in the LARGE arteries like carotid and femoral
S/S begin to show when artery is 50% occluded.
(S/S-*refer to Venous vs. Arterial chart)
Claudication - CORRECT ANSWER -Reproducible ischemic muscle pain. One of the most common S/S of
peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) caused by atherosclerosis. Occurs during physical activity
and is relieved after a short rest. Pain develops because of inadequate blood flow.
(Arterial Disorders)
Thrombangitis obliterate (Buerger's Disease) Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER -Disease of the arteries and
veins in the arms and legs - Unknown cause, possibly autoimmune
(Arterial Disorders)
Thrombangitis obliterate (Buerger's Disease) Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Young men who are heavy
smokers <35
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2026|2027 UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
| ALREADY GRADED A+
(Classification of Chest Pain)
Angina Pectoris- Ishemia - CORRECT ANSWER -Cause: Temporary cardiac ischemia caused by increased
myocardial workload
EKG changes : none or transient
Plasma enzyme levels: normal
Pain relief: rest, nitroglycerin
other management: Beta Blockers, Ca+ channel blockers
(Classification of Chest Pain)
Infarction (Myocardial Infarction) - CORRECT ANSWER -cause: Irreversible ischemia produces necrosis
and scarring
EKG changes: permanent abnormal changes
Plasma enzyme levels: elevated trop &CK-MB
pain relief: O2, nitroglycerin, narcotics
other management: Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, angioplasty
Treatment of chest pain - CORRECT ANSWER -(M.O.N.A.)
M= Morphine, O = Oxygen, N = Nitroglycerin, A = Aspirin
1|Page
,Myocardial Infarction Pain - CORRECT ANSWER -Sudden onset
Substernal
Crushing
Tightness
Severe
Unrelieved by Nitro
May radiate to: Back, Neck, Jaw, Shoulder, Arm
Myocardial Infarction S/S - CORRECT ANSWER -Pain
Dyspnea
Syncope [decreased BP]
Nausea
Vomiting
Extreme Weakness
Diaphoresis
Denial is common
Increased HR
DVT s/s and rx - CORRECT ANSWER -Tenderness, *swelling, redness/warmth in affected leg* [when
compared to the other leg]
2|Page
, rx: anticoagulants ( heprin, coumadin, plavix,lovenenox) and preventions - modifiable risk factors : (Sitting
for long periods, desk job, birth control pills, obesity, smoking)
(Arterial Disorders)
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD) - CORRECT ANSWER -Caused by *athrosclerotic* blockages
in the LARGE arteries like carotid and femoral
S/S begin to show when artery is 50% occluded.
(S/S-*refer to Venous vs. Arterial chart)
Claudication - CORRECT ANSWER -Reproducible ischemic muscle pain. One of the most common S/S of
peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) caused by atherosclerosis. Occurs during physical activity
and is relieved after a short rest. Pain develops because of inadequate blood flow.
(Arterial Disorders)
Thrombangitis obliterate (Buerger's Disease) Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER -Disease of the arteries and
veins in the arms and legs - Unknown cause, possibly autoimmune
(Arterial Disorders)
Thrombangitis obliterate (Buerger's Disease) Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Young men who are heavy
smokers <35
3|Page
