WGU C182 INTRODUCTION TO IT LATEST VERSION
UPDATED AND REVISED IN 2025/2026
IPOS - ANSWER ->The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
Input - ANSWER ->Raw data is entered by the user.
Processing - ANSWER ->Raw data is organized or structured for
usefulness.
Output - ANSWER ->Information is output so user can see results.
Storage - ANSWER ->Processed information is stored for permanent
record.
Computer System - ANSWER ->A collection of components that work
together to meet the needs of the user; typically categorized as either
hardware, software, networks, or users.
Hardware - ANSWER ->Physical components of a computer system
which include the system unit and its components and peripheral
devices; tangible aspects of the computer.
Software - ANSWER ->Computer programs that tell the computer what
to do--how to execute commands and process information
,Network - ANSWER ->A collection of computers and resources
connected by various media so that they can communicate with each
other.
User - ANSWER ->Those who use a computer.
Software Categories - ANSWER ->Systems Software and
Applications Software
Evolution of Users - ANSWER ->First users were the engineers who built
and programmed computers, then employees who had received
specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone
can be a user.
Protocol - ANSWER ->Rules provided by which networks communicate
with each other.
TCP/IP - ANSWER ->Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
Most commonly used protocol; is required of all computers that
communicate over the Internet.
Protocol Stack - ANSWER ->A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an
example.
Components of a Computer - ANSWER ->CPU, Memory and
Storage, Peripheral Devices
CPU - ANSWER ->Executes programs' instructions and commands
various components in the computer. Referred to as the "chip".
,Memory - ANSWER ->Stores the programs being executed and the data
they are using.
I/O Subsystem - ANSWER ->All peripheral devices where long term
storage devices are used.
Bus - ANSWER ->Permits information to move between each
component; electrical channels that enable communication among the
electronic components
System Unit - ANSWER ->Critical component of all computer based
systems; consists of most of the hardware the computer needs in order
to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Internal Components of the System Unit - ANSWER ->Case,
Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU
Cooler, Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU),
Expansion Slots/Cards
Parts of the CPU - ANSWER ->Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the
instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or controls
the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data;
completing mathematical calculations and logical operations to process
the data and converting the input of the keyboard text entry to output
displayed on the screen
System Clock - ANSWER ->Controls the speed at which instructions are
processed.
, RAM - ANSWER ->Stands for Random Access Memory.
It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen
or printer.
It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the
computer is turned off or loses power).
You can choose the amount of RAM your computer has.
Types of RAM - ANSWER ->Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - typically called main
memory
Static RAM (SRAM) - cache memory and registers
BIOS ROM - ANSWER ->BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System;
ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard.
Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the
computer is first turned on).
Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware
components so that the actual Operating System can be loaded from
the hard disk.
Can't choose the amount or contents.
UPDATED AND REVISED IN 2025/2026
IPOS - ANSWER ->The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
Input - ANSWER ->Raw data is entered by the user.
Processing - ANSWER ->Raw data is organized or structured for
usefulness.
Output - ANSWER ->Information is output so user can see results.
Storage - ANSWER ->Processed information is stored for permanent
record.
Computer System - ANSWER ->A collection of components that work
together to meet the needs of the user; typically categorized as either
hardware, software, networks, or users.
Hardware - ANSWER ->Physical components of a computer system
which include the system unit and its components and peripheral
devices; tangible aspects of the computer.
Software - ANSWER ->Computer programs that tell the computer what
to do--how to execute commands and process information
,Network - ANSWER ->A collection of computers and resources
connected by various media so that they can communicate with each
other.
User - ANSWER ->Those who use a computer.
Software Categories - ANSWER ->Systems Software and
Applications Software
Evolution of Users - ANSWER ->First users were the engineers who built
and programmed computers, then employees who had received
specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone
can be a user.
Protocol - ANSWER ->Rules provided by which networks communicate
with each other.
TCP/IP - ANSWER ->Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
Most commonly used protocol; is required of all computers that
communicate over the Internet.
Protocol Stack - ANSWER ->A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an
example.
Components of a Computer - ANSWER ->CPU, Memory and
Storage, Peripheral Devices
CPU - ANSWER ->Executes programs' instructions and commands
various components in the computer. Referred to as the "chip".
,Memory - ANSWER ->Stores the programs being executed and the data
they are using.
I/O Subsystem - ANSWER ->All peripheral devices where long term
storage devices are used.
Bus - ANSWER ->Permits information to move between each
component; electrical channels that enable communication among the
electronic components
System Unit - ANSWER ->Critical component of all computer based
systems; consists of most of the hardware the computer needs in order
to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Internal Components of the System Unit - ANSWER ->Case,
Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU
Cooler, Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU),
Expansion Slots/Cards
Parts of the CPU - ANSWER ->Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the
instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or controls
the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data;
completing mathematical calculations and logical operations to process
the data and converting the input of the keyboard text entry to output
displayed on the screen
System Clock - ANSWER ->Controls the speed at which instructions are
processed.
, RAM - ANSWER ->Stands for Random Access Memory.
It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen
or printer.
It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the
computer is turned off or loses power).
You can choose the amount of RAM your computer has.
Types of RAM - ANSWER ->Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - typically called main
memory
Static RAM (SRAM) - cache memory and registers
BIOS ROM - ANSWER ->BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System;
ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard.
Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the
computer is first turned on).
Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware
components so that the actual Operating System can be loaded from
the hard disk.
Can't choose the amount or contents.
