Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States 11th Edition by Tommie L. Norris – Verified Complete Chapters 1–52 Test Bank

Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Test Bank
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused on
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




reviews and word games during social time
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




facilities f4




C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




classes f4




D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




sessions f4




E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Ans: A, B, C, E
f4 f 4 f4 f4 f4




Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in book
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




prevention of disease and spread of germs.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




health care facilities. f4 f4 f4




Ans: B f 4




Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




health (which includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the “attaining lives free of
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




preventable disease and premature death” determinant.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Page 1 f4

,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




that cause disease?
f4 f4 f4




A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




packed red blood cells
f4 f4 f4 f4




B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




familial hypercholesterolemia
f4 f4




C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




therapy and chest physiotherapy
f4 f4 f4 f4




D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




HIV positive. f4 f4




Ans: D f 4




Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cell
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




of abnormal molecules.
f4 f4 f4




4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Ans: B
f4 f 4




Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Page 2 f4

,5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




disease?
f4




A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




French fries every day.”
f4 f4 f4 f4




C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.”
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Ans: C f 4




Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




exercise.
f4




6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




client for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's current state of
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




bilaterally. f4




D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Ans: B
f4 f 4




Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Page 3 f4

, 7. Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a disease or
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due to f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




intestinal aganglionosisf4 f4




C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a patient diagnosed with f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Parkinson disease f4 f4




E) Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




Ans: A, C
f4 f 4 f4




Feedback:
Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following chemotherapy are f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




both examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a disease or outcome from
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




treatment). It is normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As Parkinson disease
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




progresses, the inability to walk independently is expected. This is a normal progression
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




for people diagnosed with Parkinson's. Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




with Alzheimer disease is an expected finding.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




8. Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a routine follow-
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows that
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight. f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




disease free. f4 f4




Ans: A f 4




Feedback:
What is termed a normal value for a laboratory test is established statistically from results
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




obtained from a selected sample of people. A normal value represents the test results that
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




fall within the bell curve or the 95% distribution. Some lab values (like hemoglobin) are
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




adjusted for gender, other comorbidities, or age. If the result of a very sensitive test is
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




negative, it tells us the person does not have the disease, and the disease has been ruled out
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4




or excluded.
f4 f4




Page 4 f4