CMPC Exam (updated 2026) Questions & Answers | Latest Already
Graded A+ UPDATE |2026
Transtheoretical Model - precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
(Prochaska and DiClemente, 1983)
precontemplation - individuals are unaware or uninformed of the need to change behavior and
have no intentions of changing
contemplation stage - individuals recognize the importance of behavior change in the next SIX
months
preparation - individuals are planning to change behavior and are committed to following
through
action - individuals are implementing their plan and making behavioral modifications, typically
less than 6 months
maintenance - individuals changed behaviors become established in their daily life, typically
more than 6 months
termination - individuals are 100% self efficacious in engaging in new behaviors and have no
temptation to relapse
decisional balance - movement through the TTM stages
perceptions of the advantages of changing or maintaining the behavior shift overtime and
eventually outweigh perceptions of the disadvantages
self-efficacy - beliefs in one's own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
,theory of planned behavior - proposes that the key factor influencing change is the intention to
perform the behavior (Azjen, 1991)
Theory of Planned Behavior components - driven by underlying motivation, influenced by
individuals attitude toward the behavior, subjected norms and perceived behavioral control
person-centered therapy - humanistic, client-centered approach driven by a positive and
phenomenological view of humans. Focuses on the desires and strengths of human beings to
reach their full potential
(Carl Rogers, 1940's)
theraputic alliance - bond or connection that develops between a practitioner and client
PCT is best for... - individualized, client-centered interventions
existential therapy - aims to address and understand the issues of freedom and responsibility,
isolation and relationships, meaning and meaninglessness, and living and dying
(Soren Kierkegaarrd, Friedrich Nietzsche, Viktor Frankl, James Bugental 1800-1900)
ET counselors help client's search for... - meaning, purpose, values and goals
ET is best for situations such as... - developmental crisis, life transition, existential concern or
need for personal enhancement
Emotion- Focused Therapy - person-centered approach in which emotions are viewed as a
fundamental aspect of human functioning and therapeutic change
(Sue Johnsons and Les Greenberg 1980's)
,EFT counselor's aim to... - increase emotional awareness, regulation and transformation
EFT is shown to be effective in... - clinical settings to treat depression, anxiety, trauma and
eating disorders
Solution Focused Brief Therapy - A postmodern approach to therapy that provides a context
whereby individuals focus on recovering and creating solutions rather than talking about their
problems.
(Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg, 1970)
solution talk - moving from more problem dominated conversation into solution oriented
conversation
SFBT is well suited for... - clinical settings for people with adjustment disorders, anxiety and
depression
Behavior Therapy - uses classical and operant conditioning and the social cognitive approach as
foundations to help people change maladaptive behaviors
(Pavlov and Skinner + Bandura)
classical conditioning - learning that occurs in response to a stimulus through pairing
(Pavlov)
operant conditioning - behavior is reinforced by the events that directly follow it
(Skinner)
, social cognitive approach - emphasized the interactive roles of the environment, person and
behavior
(Bandura)
Behavior counselors... - require clients to be active agents in their own behavior change through
learning and practicing new adaptive behaviors to replace maladaptive ones
cognitive behavior therapy - a structured, time-limited, problem focused and goal oriented form
of talk therapy that helps clients learn to identify, question and change how their thoughts,
attitudes and beliefs relate to emotional and behavioral reactions that cause them difficulty
1st wave of CBT - focus was on the use of behaviorism to identify and enact behavior change
principles
(1950)
2nd wave of CBT - classic CBT
places much less emphasis on behavior aspect of behavior change and more on the
modification of dysfunctional belief and faulty information processing
(1970)
3rd wave of CBT - prioritize psychological and behavioral processes facilitating health and well
being rather than the reduction of psychological and emotional symptoms
(2004)
CBT attributes - collaborative relationship between practitioner and client
notion that psychological distress is often maintained by cognitive process
focus on altering cognitions to obtain desired affect and behavior
present centered, time-limited focus
Graded A+ UPDATE |2026
Transtheoretical Model - precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
(Prochaska and DiClemente, 1983)
precontemplation - individuals are unaware or uninformed of the need to change behavior and
have no intentions of changing
contemplation stage - individuals recognize the importance of behavior change in the next SIX
months
preparation - individuals are planning to change behavior and are committed to following
through
action - individuals are implementing their plan and making behavioral modifications, typically
less than 6 months
maintenance - individuals changed behaviors become established in their daily life, typically
more than 6 months
termination - individuals are 100% self efficacious in engaging in new behaviors and have no
temptation to relapse
decisional balance - movement through the TTM stages
perceptions of the advantages of changing or maintaining the behavior shift overtime and
eventually outweigh perceptions of the disadvantages
self-efficacy - beliefs in one's own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
,theory of planned behavior - proposes that the key factor influencing change is the intention to
perform the behavior (Azjen, 1991)
Theory of Planned Behavior components - driven by underlying motivation, influenced by
individuals attitude toward the behavior, subjected norms and perceived behavioral control
person-centered therapy - humanistic, client-centered approach driven by a positive and
phenomenological view of humans. Focuses on the desires and strengths of human beings to
reach their full potential
(Carl Rogers, 1940's)
theraputic alliance - bond or connection that develops between a practitioner and client
PCT is best for... - individualized, client-centered interventions
existential therapy - aims to address and understand the issues of freedom and responsibility,
isolation and relationships, meaning and meaninglessness, and living and dying
(Soren Kierkegaarrd, Friedrich Nietzsche, Viktor Frankl, James Bugental 1800-1900)
ET counselors help client's search for... - meaning, purpose, values and goals
ET is best for situations such as... - developmental crisis, life transition, existential concern or
need for personal enhancement
Emotion- Focused Therapy - person-centered approach in which emotions are viewed as a
fundamental aspect of human functioning and therapeutic change
(Sue Johnsons and Les Greenberg 1980's)
,EFT counselor's aim to... - increase emotional awareness, regulation and transformation
EFT is shown to be effective in... - clinical settings to treat depression, anxiety, trauma and
eating disorders
Solution Focused Brief Therapy - A postmodern approach to therapy that provides a context
whereby individuals focus on recovering and creating solutions rather than talking about their
problems.
(Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg, 1970)
solution talk - moving from more problem dominated conversation into solution oriented
conversation
SFBT is well suited for... - clinical settings for people with adjustment disorders, anxiety and
depression
Behavior Therapy - uses classical and operant conditioning and the social cognitive approach as
foundations to help people change maladaptive behaviors
(Pavlov and Skinner + Bandura)
classical conditioning - learning that occurs in response to a stimulus through pairing
(Pavlov)
operant conditioning - behavior is reinforced by the events that directly follow it
(Skinner)
, social cognitive approach - emphasized the interactive roles of the environment, person and
behavior
(Bandura)
Behavior counselors... - require clients to be active agents in their own behavior change through
learning and practicing new adaptive behaviors to replace maladaptive ones
cognitive behavior therapy - a structured, time-limited, problem focused and goal oriented form
of talk therapy that helps clients learn to identify, question and change how their thoughts,
attitudes and beliefs relate to emotional and behavioral reactions that cause them difficulty
1st wave of CBT - focus was on the use of behaviorism to identify and enact behavior change
principles
(1950)
2nd wave of CBT - classic CBT
places much less emphasis on behavior aspect of behavior change and more on the
modification of dysfunctional belief and faulty information processing
(1970)
3rd wave of CBT - prioritize psychological and behavioral processes facilitating health and well
being rather than the reduction of psychological and emotional symptoms
(2004)
CBT attributes - collaborative relationship between practitioner and client
notion that psychological distress is often maintained by cognitive process
focus on altering cognitions to obtain desired affect and behavior
present centered, time-limited focus
