PN HESI LPN FUNDAMENTALS EXAM HESI
PN LPN FUNDAMENTALS EXAM
2025/2026
The practical nurse (PN) is assisting a client plan a balanced vegetarian diet that
provides the highest in protein quality. Which selection should the PN
recommend to the client?
A. Soybeans.
B. Peanuts.
C. Whole wheat.
D. Sesame seeds. - ANSWER ->A. Soybeans are the highest in protein quality and
contain the most nutritive value. (B and D) are sources of protein but provide
less nutritive value. Although whole wheat (C), a complex carbohydrate, it is
not as a protein source
The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client who is admitted with influenza and
vomiting for 3 days. The client's skin turgor is poor and oral mucous membranes
are dry. Which finding is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to report to
the charge nurse?
A. Weight loss of 4 pounds in last 3 days.
B. Hypotension and tachycardia.
C. Nausea and anorexia.
D. Dark amber urine output at 30 ml/hour. - ANSWER ->B. The client's fluid loss
from protracted vomiting causes a shift in intravascular fluids causing
dehydration, hypotension, and tachycardia, which should be reported to the
charge nurse. (A, B, and C) are signs consistent with dehydration, but the
priority is the client's fluid depletion that is causing a hypotensive state.
,The practical nurse (PN) contacts the healthcare provider about an older client
who is agitated and aggressive with the staff. Which reason should the PN use to
request a prescription for wrist restraints?
A. To decrease the client's agitation and acting-out behaviors.
B. To provide an effective way to prevent falls when the client is alone.
C. To protect the client and reduce the likelihood of lawsuits.
D. To ensure the client's safety when the benefits outweigh the risks. - ANSWER
>D. Restraints should be used when the benefits outweigh the risks in
providing a safe environment for the client, and ensuring the safety of others.
Restraints can increase agitation (A) and are not the most effective way to
prevent falls (B). Restraints may provide protection, but must be diligently
monitored to prevent negligent injury
Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement when supporting an
older client who is afraid of dying?
A. Ask the client about his belief of a spiritual life after death.
B. Provide basic comfort measures to alleviate pain and breathlessness.
C. Use open-ended questions to encourage the client to share feelings.
D. Talk about common beliefs that others have expressed about death. - ANSWER
->C. Using open-ended questions gives a client the opportunity to share
feelings, fears, and concerns about the process of dying. Although (A and D)
provide topics of discussion about death, the client is often self-centered and is
best supported by encouragement to express personal feelings about death.
(B) provides palliative physical measures, but the client should be supported
and allowed to verbally express emotional distress and anxiety.
A family member of a dying client asks the practical nurse (PN) if the client knows
the family is at the bedside. The PN explains that which of the five senses persists
the longest during the dying process?
,A. Smell.
B. Touch.
C. Vision.
D. Hearing. - ANSWER ->D. As death approaches, hearing (D) is the sense that
persists even when the client is unable to respond. (A, B, and C) decline before
the sense of hearing.
Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement to help a male client cope
with his fear as he approaches death?
A. Tell the client that he will soon find peace and comfort.
B. Encourage family members to cry at the client's bedside.
C. Hold the client's hand and tell him he is not alone.
D. Explain the signs of impending death to the family. - ANSWER ->D. Therapeutic
touch, such as holding the hand of a client who is dying, communicates the
presence of others (C) and helps reduce feelings of aloneness, expresses
genuine care and concern, and supports a fearful client who is dying or is
unable to respond. Telling a client that he is going to find peace and comfort
(A) in death may increase a sense of anxiety. Because family dynamics vary
considerably, encouraging outward expression of family grief (B) may
contribute to the client's anxiety and fears.
An older client is receiving nasogastric tube (NGT) feedings for several days.
Which finding should the practical nurse (PN) report to the healthcare provider?
A. Soft, formed stools.
B. Urine output of 2000 ml per day.
C. Abdominal distention and nausea.
D. Dried mucus around the nasal tube. - ANSWER ->C. Nausea and abdominal
distention indicate a decrease in the rate of stomach emptying or an excessive
rate of intake, which requires notification of the healthcare provider for
, further prescriptions. Soft, formed stools (A), urine output of 2000 ml per day
(B), and dried mucus around the nasal tube are normal findings.
The practical nurse (PN) is caring for an older client who is NPO after surgery. The
client complains that his mouth and mucous membranes are dry. Which
intervention should the PN implement to increase the client's comfort?
A. Increase oral fluid intake.
B. Perform oral hygiene frequently.
C. Swab the inside of the mouth with petroleum jelly.
D. Report the rate of intravenous fluid administration. - ANSWER ->B. Frequent
oral hygiene moistens the oral cavity and alleviates discomfort for a client who
is NPO. Oral fluid intake is contraindicated in a client who is NPO (A).
Petroleum jelly is not placed intraorally (C). Although reporting the rate of IV
fluids (D) provides data about the current prescription, oral hygiene is an
immediate comfort intervention that addresses the client's hydration status.
The practical nurse (PN) is giving oral care to an older female client with tender
gums that bleed easily because of a medication she is taking.
What intervention should the PN implement?
A. Encourage the client to massage the gums.
B. Tell the client to use mouthwash only.
C. Obtain a soft-bristle brush for the client.
D. Have the client rinse with warm salt water. - ANSWER ->C. A client with gum
tenderness needs good oral hygiene, so a soft-bristle brush should be used to
minimize gingival bleeding. Massaging the gums (A) may contribute to gingival
bleeding. The use of a commercial mouthwash only (B) omits good oral
hygiene practices, such as brushing.
Which time frame should the practical nurse (PN) reposition a client? A.
Every 4 hours while awake. B.
Twice per shift.
PN LPN FUNDAMENTALS EXAM
2025/2026
The practical nurse (PN) is assisting a client plan a balanced vegetarian diet that
provides the highest in protein quality. Which selection should the PN
recommend to the client?
A. Soybeans.
B. Peanuts.
C. Whole wheat.
D. Sesame seeds. - ANSWER ->A. Soybeans are the highest in protein quality and
contain the most nutritive value. (B and D) are sources of protein but provide
less nutritive value. Although whole wheat (C), a complex carbohydrate, it is
not as a protein source
The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client who is admitted with influenza and
vomiting for 3 days. The client's skin turgor is poor and oral mucous membranes
are dry. Which finding is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to report to
the charge nurse?
A. Weight loss of 4 pounds in last 3 days.
B. Hypotension and tachycardia.
C. Nausea and anorexia.
D. Dark amber urine output at 30 ml/hour. - ANSWER ->B. The client's fluid loss
from protracted vomiting causes a shift in intravascular fluids causing
dehydration, hypotension, and tachycardia, which should be reported to the
charge nurse. (A, B, and C) are signs consistent with dehydration, but the
priority is the client's fluid depletion that is causing a hypotensive state.
,The practical nurse (PN) contacts the healthcare provider about an older client
who is agitated and aggressive with the staff. Which reason should the PN use to
request a prescription for wrist restraints?
A. To decrease the client's agitation and acting-out behaviors.
B. To provide an effective way to prevent falls when the client is alone.
C. To protect the client and reduce the likelihood of lawsuits.
D. To ensure the client's safety when the benefits outweigh the risks. - ANSWER
>D. Restraints should be used when the benefits outweigh the risks in
providing a safe environment for the client, and ensuring the safety of others.
Restraints can increase agitation (A) and are not the most effective way to
prevent falls (B). Restraints may provide protection, but must be diligently
monitored to prevent negligent injury
Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement when supporting an
older client who is afraid of dying?
A. Ask the client about his belief of a spiritual life after death.
B. Provide basic comfort measures to alleviate pain and breathlessness.
C. Use open-ended questions to encourage the client to share feelings.
D. Talk about common beliefs that others have expressed about death. - ANSWER
->C. Using open-ended questions gives a client the opportunity to share
feelings, fears, and concerns about the process of dying. Although (A and D)
provide topics of discussion about death, the client is often self-centered and is
best supported by encouragement to express personal feelings about death.
(B) provides palliative physical measures, but the client should be supported
and allowed to verbally express emotional distress and anxiety.
A family member of a dying client asks the practical nurse (PN) if the client knows
the family is at the bedside. The PN explains that which of the five senses persists
the longest during the dying process?
,A. Smell.
B. Touch.
C. Vision.
D. Hearing. - ANSWER ->D. As death approaches, hearing (D) is the sense that
persists even when the client is unable to respond. (A, B, and C) decline before
the sense of hearing.
Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement to help a male client cope
with his fear as he approaches death?
A. Tell the client that he will soon find peace and comfort.
B. Encourage family members to cry at the client's bedside.
C. Hold the client's hand and tell him he is not alone.
D. Explain the signs of impending death to the family. - ANSWER ->D. Therapeutic
touch, such as holding the hand of a client who is dying, communicates the
presence of others (C) and helps reduce feelings of aloneness, expresses
genuine care and concern, and supports a fearful client who is dying or is
unable to respond. Telling a client that he is going to find peace and comfort
(A) in death may increase a sense of anxiety. Because family dynamics vary
considerably, encouraging outward expression of family grief (B) may
contribute to the client's anxiety and fears.
An older client is receiving nasogastric tube (NGT) feedings for several days.
Which finding should the practical nurse (PN) report to the healthcare provider?
A. Soft, formed stools.
B. Urine output of 2000 ml per day.
C. Abdominal distention and nausea.
D. Dried mucus around the nasal tube. - ANSWER ->C. Nausea and abdominal
distention indicate a decrease in the rate of stomach emptying or an excessive
rate of intake, which requires notification of the healthcare provider for
, further prescriptions. Soft, formed stools (A), urine output of 2000 ml per day
(B), and dried mucus around the nasal tube are normal findings.
The practical nurse (PN) is caring for an older client who is NPO after surgery. The
client complains that his mouth and mucous membranes are dry. Which
intervention should the PN implement to increase the client's comfort?
A. Increase oral fluid intake.
B. Perform oral hygiene frequently.
C. Swab the inside of the mouth with petroleum jelly.
D. Report the rate of intravenous fluid administration. - ANSWER ->B. Frequent
oral hygiene moistens the oral cavity and alleviates discomfort for a client who
is NPO. Oral fluid intake is contraindicated in a client who is NPO (A).
Petroleum jelly is not placed intraorally (C). Although reporting the rate of IV
fluids (D) provides data about the current prescription, oral hygiene is an
immediate comfort intervention that addresses the client's hydration status.
The practical nurse (PN) is giving oral care to an older female client with tender
gums that bleed easily because of a medication she is taking.
What intervention should the PN implement?
A. Encourage the client to massage the gums.
B. Tell the client to use mouthwash only.
C. Obtain a soft-bristle brush for the client.
D. Have the client rinse with warm salt water. - ANSWER ->C. A client with gum
tenderness needs good oral hygiene, so a soft-bristle brush should be used to
minimize gingival bleeding. Massaging the gums (A) may contribute to gingival
bleeding. The use of a commercial mouthwash only (B) omits good oral
hygiene practices, such as brushing.
Which time frame should the practical nurse (PN) reposition a client? A.
Every 4 hours while awake. B.
Twice per shift.
