Test Bank For Current Medical Diagnosis And Treatment 202
b b b b b b b b
4, 63rd Edition
b b
By Maxine Papadakis, Stephen Mcphee
b b b b
Chapters 1 - 42
b b b
,prepared by stevesalvardo
b b
for any inquiry and further request em
b b b b b b
ail:
Chapterb1.bDiseasebPreventionb&bHealthbPromotion
1.bbWhichbofbthebfollowingbbehaviorsbindicatesbthebhighestbpotentialbforbspreadingbinfectionsbamo
ngbclients?bThebnurse:
1) disinfectsbdirtybhandsbwithbantibacterialbsoap.
2) allowsbalcohol-basedbrubbtobdrybforb10bseconds.
3) washesbhandsbonlybafterbleavingbeachbroom.
4) usesbcoldbwaterbforbmedicalbasepsis.
2.bWhatbisbthebmostbfrequentbcausebofbthebspreadbofbinfectionbamongbinstitutionalized
patients?
1) Airbornebmicrobesbfrombotherbpatients
2) Contactbwithbcontaminatedbequipment
3) Handsbofbhealthcarebworkers
4) Exposurebfrombfamilybmembers
3.bWhichbofbthebfollowingbnursingbactivitiesbisbofbhighestbprioritybforbmaintainingbmedicalba
sepsis?
1) Washingbhands
2) Donningbgloves
3) Applyingbsterilebdrapes
4) Wearingbabgown
4.bAbpatientbinfectedbwithbabvirusbbutbwhobdoesbnotbhavebanyboutwardbsignbofbthebdiseasebisbc
onsideredba:
1) pathogen.
2) fomite.
3) vector.
4) carrier.
, 5.bAbpatientbisbadmittedbtobthebhospitalbwithbtuberculosis.bWhichbprecautionsbmustbthebnursebi
nstitutebwhenbcaringbforbthisbpatient?
1) Dropletbtransmission
2) Airbornebtransmission
3) Directbcontact
4) Indirectbcontact
, 6.bAbpatientbbecomesbinfectedbwithboralbcandidiasisb(thrush)bwhilebreceivingbintravenousb
antibioticsbtobtreatbabsystemicbinfection.bWhichbtypebofbinfectionbhasbthebpatientbdeveloped?
1) Endogenousbnosocomial
2) Exogenousbnosocomial
3) Latent
4) Primary
7.Thebnursebassistsbabsurgeonbwithbcentralbvenousbcatheterbinsertion.bWhichbactionbisb
necessarybtobhelpbmaintainbsterilebtechnique?
1) Closingbthebpatientsbdoorbtoblimitbroombtrafficbwhilebpreparingbthebsterilebfield
2) Usingbcleanbprocedurebglovesbtobhandlebsterilebequipment
3) Placingbthebnonsterilebsyringesbcontainingbflushbsolutionbonbthebsterilebfield
4) Remainingb6binchesbawaybfrombthebsterilebfieldbduringbthebprocedure
b b 8.Abpatientbadmittedbtobthebhospitalbwithbpneumoniabhasbbeenbreceivingbantibioticsbforb2bday
s.bHisbconditionbhasbstabilized,bandbhisbtemperaturebhasbreturnedbtobnormal.bWhichbstagebofbinfec
tionbisbthebpatientbmostblikelybexperiencing?
1) Incubation
2) Prodromal
3) Decline
4) Convalescence
5) 8.
9.bAbpatientbdevelopsblocalizedbheatbandberythemaboverbanbareabonbtheblowerbleg.bThesebf
indingsbarebindicativebofbwhichbsecondarybdefensebagainstbinfection?
1) Phagocytosis
2) Complementbcascade
3) Inflammation
4) Immunity
10.bThebpatientbsuddenlybdevelopsbhives,bshortnessbofbbreath,bandbwheezingbafterbreceivingba
nbantibiotic.bWhichbantibodybisbprimarilybresponsiblebforbthisbpatientsbresponse?
1) IgA
2) IgE
3) IgG
4) IgM
11.bWhatbtypebofbimmunitybisbprovidedbbybintravenousb(IV)badministrationbofbi
mmunoglobulinbG?
1) Cell-mediated
2) Passive
,3) Humoral
4) Active
, 12.bAbpatientbasksbthebnursebwhybtherebisbnobvaccinebavailablebforbthebcommonbcold.bWhichbr
esponsebbybthebnursebisbcorrect?
1) Thebvirusbmutatesbtoobrapidlybtobdevelopbabvaccine.
2) Vaccinesbarebdevelopedbonlybforbverybseriousbillnesses.
3) ResearchersbarebfocusingbeffortsbonbanbHIVbvaccine.
4) Thebvirusbforbthebcommonbcoldbhasbnotbbeenbidentified.
1b.bAbpatientbwhobhasbabtemperaturebofb101Fb(38.3C)bmostblikelybrequires:
1) acetaminophenb(Tylenol).
2) increasedbfluids.
3) bedrest.
4) tepidbbath.
14.bWhybisbablotionbwithoutbpetroleumbpreferredboverbabpetroleum-
basedbproductbasbabskinbprotectant?bIt:
1) Preventsbmicroorganismsbfrombadheringbtobthebskin.
2) Facilitatesbthebabsorptionbofblatexbproteinsbthroughbthebskin.
3) Decreasesbthebriskbofblatexballergies.
4) Preventsbthebskinbfrombdryingbandbchaffing.
15.bForbwhichbrangebofbtimebmustbabnursebwashbherbhandsbbeforebworkingbinbtheboperatingbr
oom?
1) 1btob2bminutes
2) 2btob4bminutes
3) 2btob6bminutes
4) 6btob10bminutes
16.bHowbshouldbthebnursebdisposebofbthebbreakfastbtraybofbabpatientbwhobrequiresbairbornebi
solation?
1) Placebthebtraybinbabspeciallybmarkedbtrashbcanbinsidebthebpatientsbroom.
Placebthebtraybinbabspecialbisolationbbagbheldbbybabsecondbhealthcarebworkerbatbthe
2) patientsbdoor.
Returnbthebtraybwithbabnotebtobdietarybservicesbsobitbcanbbebcleanedbandbreusedbforbthe
3) nextbmeal.
Carrybthebtraybtobanbisolationbtrashbreceptacleblocatedbinbthebdirtybutilitybroomband
4) disposebofbitbthere.
1b.bHowbmuchbliquidbsoapbshouldbthebnursebusebforbeffectivebhandbwashing?bAtbleast:
1) 2bmL
2) 3bmL
3) 6bmL
4) 7bmL
, 18.bTobassurebeffectiveness,bwhenbshouldbthebnursebstopbrubbingbantisepticbhandbsolutionb
overballbsurfacesbofbthebhands?
1) Whenbfingersbfeelbsticky
2) Afterb5btob10bseconds
3) Whenbleavingbthebclientsbroom
4) Oncebfingersbandbhandsbfeelbdry
19.bAbpatientbisbadmittedbtobthebhospitalbforbchemotherapybandbhasbablowbwhitebbloodbcellbc
ount.bWhichbprecautionbshouldbthebstaffbtakebwithbthisbpatient?
1) Contact
2) Protective
3) Droplet
4) Airborne
20.bWhilebdonningbsterilebgloves,bthebnursebnoticesbthebedgesbofbthebglovebpackagebarebslig
htlybyellow.bThebyellowbareabisboverb1binchbawaybfrombthebglovesbandbonlybappearsbtobbebonbthebo
utsidebofbthebglovebpackage.bWhatbisbthebbestbactionbforbthebnursebtobtakebatbthisbpoint?
1) Continuebusingbthebglovesbinsidebthebpackagebbecausebthebpackagebisbintact.
2) Removebglovesbfrombsterilebfieldbandbusebabnewbpairbofbsterilebgloves.
3) Throwballbsuppliesbawaybthatbwerebtobbebusedbandbbeginbagain.
4) Usebthebglovesbandbmakebsurebthebyellowbedgesbofbthebpackagebdobnotbtouchbthebclient.
21.bThebnursebisbremovingbpersonalbprotectivebequipmentb(PPE).bWhichbitembshouldbbebr
emovedbfirst?
1) Gown
2) Gloves
3) Facebshield
4) Hairbcovering
22.bAbnursebisbsplashedbinbthebfacebbybbodybfluidbduringbabprocedure.bPrioritizebthebnursesba
ctions,blistingbthebmostbimportantbonebfirst.
A. Contactbemployeebhealth
B. Completebanbincidentbreport
C. Washbthebexposedbarea
D. Reportbtobanotherbnursebthatbshebisbleavingbthebimmediatebarea.
1) 1,b2,b3,b4
2) 2,b3,b4,b1
3) 3,b4,b1,b2
4) 4,b1,b2,b3
MultiplebResponse
Identifyboneborbmorebchoicesb thatbbestbcompletebthebstatementborbanswerbthebquestion.
,1.bInbwhichbsituationbwouldbusingbstandardbprecautionsbbebadequate?bSelectballbthatbapply.
, 1) Whilebinterviewingbabclientbwithbabproductivebcough
2) Whilebhelpingbabclientbtobperformbhisbownbhygienebcare
3) Whilebaidingbabclientbtobambulatebafterbsurgery
4) Whilebinsertingbabperipheralbintravenousbcatheter
2.bWhichbofbthebfollowingbprotect(s)bthebbodybagainstbinfection?bSelectballbthatbapply.
1) Eatingbabhealthybwell-balancedbdiet
2) Beingbanbolderbadultborbanbinfant
3) Leisurebactivitiesbthreebtimesbabweek
4) Exercisingbforb30bminutesb5bdaysbabweek
3.bThebnursebisbteachingbabgroupbofbnewlybhiredbnursingbassistivebpersonnelb(NAP)baboutbp
roperbhandbwashing.bThebnursebwillbknowbthatbthebteachingbwasbeffectivebifbthebNAPbdemonstra
tebwhat?bSelectballbthatbapply.bThebNAP:
1) usesbabpaperbtowelbtobturnboffbthebfaucet.
2) holdsbfingertipsbabovebthebwristsbwhilebrinsingboffbthebsoap.
3) removesballbringsbandbwatchbbeforebwashingbhands.
4) cleansbunderneathbeachbfingernail.
4.bAlcohol-
basedbsolutionsbforbhandbhygienebcanbbebusedbtobcombatbwhichbtypesbofborganisms?bSelect
ball bthatbapply.
1) Virus
2) Bacterialbspores
3) Yeast
4) Mold
5.bAbpatientbwithbtuberculosisbisbscheduledbforbcomputedbtomographyb(CT).bHowbshouldbthebn
ursebproceed?bSelectballbthatbapply.
1) Questionbtheborderbbecausebthebpatientbmustbremainbinbisolation.
2) PlacebanbN-95brespiratorbmaskbonbthebpatientbandbtransportbhimbtobthebtest.
3) PlacebabsurgicalbmaskbonbthebpatientbandbtransportbhimbtobCTblab.
4) Notifybthebcomputedbtomographybdepartmentbaboutbprecautionsbpriorbtobtransport.
True/False
Indicatebwhetherbthebstatementbisbtrueborbfalse.
1.bBacteriabarebnecessarybforbhumanbhealthbandbwell-being.
Chapterb1.bDiseasebpreventionbAns
werbSection
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. ANSWER:b3
Patientsbacquirebinfectionbbybcontactbwithbotherbpatients,bfamilybmembers,bandbhealthcarebequipm
ent.bButbmostbinfectionbamongbpatientsbisbspreadbthroughbthebhandsbofbhealthcarebworkers.bHandbwa
shingbinterruptsbthebtransmissionbandbshouldbbebdonebbeforebandbafterballbcontactbwith
, patients,bregardlessbofbthebdiagnosis.bWhenbthebhandsbarebsoiled,bhealthcarebstaffbshouldbusebanti
bacterialbsoapbwithbwarmbwaterbtobremovebdirtbandbdebrisbfrombthebskinbsurface.bWhenbnobvisibleb
dirtbisbpresent,banbalcohol-basedbrubbshouldbbebappliedbandballowedbtobdrybforb10btob15bseconds.
2. ANSWER:b3
Patientsbarebexposedbtobmicrobesbbybcontactb(directbcontact,bairborne,borbotherwise)bwithbotherbpati
ents,bfamilybmembers,bandbcontaminatedbhealthcarebequipment.bSomebofbthesebarebpathogenicb(cau
sebillness)bandbsomebarebnonpathogenicb(dobnotbcausebillness).bButbmostbmicrobesbcausingbinfectio
nbamongbpatientsbarebspreadbbybdirectbcontactbonbthebhandsbofbhealthcarebworkers.
3. ANSWER:b1
Scrupulousbhandbwashingbisbthebmostbimportantbpartbofbmedicalbasepsis.bDonningbgloves,bap
plyingbsterilebdrapesbbeforebprocedures,bandbwearingbabprotectivebgownbmaybbebneededbtobens
urebasepsis,bbutbtheybarebnotbthebmostimportantbaspectbbecausebmicrobesbcausingbmostbhealth
care-relatedbinfectionsbarebtransmittedbbyblackbofborbineffectivebhandbwashing.
4. ANSWER:b4
Somebpeoplebmightbharborbabpathogenicborganism,bsuchbasbthebhumanbimmunodeficiencybvirusbwit
hinbtheirbbody,bandbyetbdobnotbacquirebthebdisease/infection.bThesebindividuals,bcalledbcarriers,bhav
ebnoboutwardbsignbofbactivebdisease,byetbtheybcanbpassbthebinfectionbtobothers.bAbpathogenbisbanborga
nismbcapablebofbcausingbdisease.bAbfomitebisbabcontaminatedbobjectbthatbtransfersbabpathogen,bsuchb
asbpens,bstethoscopes,bandbcontaminatedbneedles.bAbvectorbisbanborganismbthatbcarriesbabpathogenbt
obabsusceptiblebhostbthroughbabportalbforbentrybintobthebbody.bAnbexamplebofbabvectorbisbabmosquitob
orbtickbthatbbitesborbstings.
5. ANSWER:b2
Theborganismsbresponsiblebforbmeaslesbandbtuberculosis,basbwellbasbmanybfungalbinfections,barebsp
readbthroughbairbornebtransmission.bNeisseriabmeningitidis,btheborganismbthatbcausesbmeningitis
,bisbspreadbthroughbdropletbtransmission.bPathogensbthatbcausebdiarrhea,bsuch
asbClostridiumbdifficile,barebspreadbbybdirectbcontact.bThebcommonbcoldbcanbbebspreadbbybindirectbc
ontactborbdropletbtransmission.
6. ANSWER:b1
Thrushbinbthisbpatientbisbanbexamplebofbanbendogenous,bnosocomialbinfection.bThisbtypebofbinfectio
nbarisesbfrombsuppressionbofbthebpatientsbnormalbflorabasbabresultbofbsomebformbofbtreatment,bsuchba
sbantibiotics.bNormalbflorabusuallybkeepbyeastbfrombgrowingbinbthebmouth.bInbexogenousbnosocomi
albinfection,bthebpathogenbarisesbfrombthebhealthcarebenvironment.bAblatentbinfectionbcausesbnobsy
mptomsbforblongbperiods.bAnbexamplebofbablatentbinfectionbisbhumanbimmunodeficiencybvirusbinfe
ction.bAbprimarybinfectionbisbthebfirstbinfectionbthatboccursbinbabpatient.
7. ANSWER:b3
Thebstagebofbdeclineboccursbwhenbthebpatientsbimmunebdefenses,balongbwithbanybmedicalbtherapies
b(inbthisbcasebantibiotics),barebsuccessfullybreducingbthebnumberbofbpathogenicbmicrobes. bAsbabresul
t,bthebsignsbandbsymptomsbofbinfectionbbeginbtobfade.bIncubationbisbthebstagebbetweenbthebinvasionb
bybtheborganismbandbthebonsetbofbsymptoms.bDuringbthebincubationbstage,bthebpatientbdoesbnotbkno
wbhebisbinfectedbandbisbcapablebofbinfectingbothers.bThebprodromalbstagebisbcharacterizedbbybthebfirs
tbappearancebofbvaguebsymptoms.bConvalescencebisbcharacterizedbbybtissuebrepairbandbabreturnbtobh
ealbasbtheborganismsbdisappear.
8. ANSWER:b1
b b b b b b b b
4, 63rd Edition
b b
By Maxine Papadakis, Stephen Mcphee
b b b b
Chapters 1 - 42
b b b
,prepared by stevesalvardo
b b
for any inquiry and further request em
b b b b b b
ail:
Chapterb1.bDiseasebPreventionb&bHealthbPromotion
1.bbWhichbofbthebfollowingbbehaviorsbindicatesbthebhighestbpotentialbforbspreadingbinfectionsbamo
ngbclients?bThebnurse:
1) disinfectsbdirtybhandsbwithbantibacterialbsoap.
2) allowsbalcohol-basedbrubbtobdrybforb10bseconds.
3) washesbhandsbonlybafterbleavingbeachbroom.
4) usesbcoldbwaterbforbmedicalbasepsis.
2.bWhatbisbthebmostbfrequentbcausebofbthebspreadbofbinfectionbamongbinstitutionalized
patients?
1) Airbornebmicrobesbfrombotherbpatients
2) Contactbwithbcontaminatedbequipment
3) Handsbofbhealthcarebworkers
4) Exposurebfrombfamilybmembers
3.bWhichbofbthebfollowingbnursingbactivitiesbisbofbhighestbprioritybforbmaintainingbmedicalba
sepsis?
1) Washingbhands
2) Donningbgloves
3) Applyingbsterilebdrapes
4) Wearingbabgown
4.bAbpatientbinfectedbwithbabvirusbbutbwhobdoesbnotbhavebanyboutwardbsignbofbthebdiseasebisbc
onsideredba:
1) pathogen.
2) fomite.
3) vector.
4) carrier.
, 5.bAbpatientbisbadmittedbtobthebhospitalbwithbtuberculosis.bWhichbprecautionsbmustbthebnursebi
nstitutebwhenbcaringbforbthisbpatient?
1) Dropletbtransmission
2) Airbornebtransmission
3) Directbcontact
4) Indirectbcontact
, 6.bAbpatientbbecomesbinfectedbwithboralbcandidiasisb(thrush)bwhilebreceivingbintravenousb
antibioticsbtobtreatbabsystemicbinfection.bWhichbtypebofbinfectionbhasbthebpatientbdeveloped?
1) Endogenousbnosocomial
2) Exogenousbnosocomial
3) Latent
4) Primary
7.Thebnursebassistsbabsurgeonbwithbcentralbvenousbcatheterbinsertion.bWhichbactionbisb
necessarybtobhelpbmaintainbsterilebtechnique?
1) Closingbthebpatientsbdoorbtoblimitbroombtrafficbwhilebpreparingbthebsterilebfield
2) Usingbcleanbprocedurebglovesbtobhandlebsterilebequipment
3) Placingbthebnonsterilebsyringesbcontainingbflushbsolutionbonbthebsterilebfield
4) Remainingb6binchesbawaybfrombthebsterilebfieldbduringbthebprocedure
b b 8.Abpatientbadmittedbtobthebhospitalbwithbpneumoniabhasbbeenbreceivingbantibioticsbforb2bday
s.bHisbconditionbhasbstabilized,bandbhisbtemperaturebhasbreturnedbtobnormal.bWhichbstagebofbinfec
tionbisbthebpatientbmostblikelybexperiencing?
1) Incubation
2) Prodromal
3) Decline
4) Convalescence
5) 8.
9.bAbpatientbdevelopsblocalizedbheatbandberythemaboverbanbareabonbtheblowerbleg.bThesebf
indingsbarebindicativebofbwhichbsecondarybdefensebagainstbinfection?
1) Phagocytosis
2) Complementbcascade
3) Inflammation
4) Immunity
10.bThebpatientbsuddenlybdevelopsbhives,bshortnessbofbbreath,bandbwheezingbafterbreceivingba
nbantibiotic.bWhichbantibodybisbprimarilybresponsiblebforbthisbpatientsbresponse?
1) IgA
2) IgE
3) IgG
4) IgM
11.bWhatbtypebofbimmunitybisbprovidedbbybintravenousb(IV)badministrationbofbi
mmunoglobulinbG?
1) Cell-mediated
2) Passive
,3) Humoral
4) Active
, 12.bAbpatientbasksbthebnursebwhybtherebisbnobvaccinebavailablebforbthebcommonbcold.bWhichbr
esponsebbybthebnursebisbcorrect?
1) Thebvirusbmutatesbtoobrapidlybtobdevelopbabvaccine.
2) Vaccinesbarebdevelopedbonlybforbverybseriousbillnesses.
3) ResearchersbarebfocusingbeffortsbonbanbHIVbvaccine.
4) Thebvirusbforbthebcommonbcoldbhasbnotbbeenbidentified.
1b.bAbpatientbwhobhasbabtemperaturebofb101Fb(38.3C)bmostblikelybrequires:
1) acetaminophenb(Tylenol).
2) increasedbfluids.
3) bedrest.
4) tepidbbath.
14.bWhybisbablotionbwithoutbpetroleumbpreferredboverbabpetroleum-
basedbproductbasbabskinbprotectant?bIt:
1) Preventsbmicroorganismsbfrombadheringbtobthebskin.
2) Facilitatesbthebabsorptionbofblatexbproteinsbthroughbthebskin.
3) Decreasesbthebriskbofblatexballergies.
4) Preventsbthebskinbfrombdryingbandbchaffing.
15.bForbwhichbrangebofbtimebmustbabnursebwashbherbhandsbbeforebworkingbinbtheboperatingbr
oom?
1) 1btob2bminutes
2) 2btob4bminutes
3) 2btob6bminutes
4) 6btob10bminutes
16.bHowbshouldbthebnursebdisposebofbthebbreakfastbtraybofbabpatientbwhobrequiresbairbornebi
solation?
1) Placebthebtraybinbabspeciallybmarkedbtrashbcanbinsidebthebpatientsbroom.
Placebthebtraybinbabspecialbisolationbbagbheldbbybabsecondbhealthcarebworkerbatbthe
2) patientsbdoor.
Returnbthebtraybwithbabnotebtobdietarybservicesbsobitbcanbbebcleanedbandbreusedbforbthe
3) nextbmeal.
Carrybthebtraybtobanbisolationbtrashbreceptacleblocatedbinbthebdirtybutilitybroomband
4) disposebofbitbthere.
1b.bHowbmuchbliquidbsoapbshouldbthebnursebusebforbeffectivebhandbwashing?bAtbleast:
1) 2bmL
2) 3bmL
3) 6bmL
4) 7bmL
, 18.bTobassurebeffectiveness,bwhenbshouldbthebnursebstopbrubbingbantisepticbhandbsolutionb
overballbsurfacesbofbthebhands?
1) Whenbfingersbfeelbsticky
2) Afterb5btob10bseconds
3) Whenbleavingbthebclientsbroom
4) Oncebfingersbandbhandsbfeelbdry
19.bAbpatientbisbadmittedbtobthebhospitalbforbchemotherapybandbhasbablowbwhitebbloodbcellbc
ount.bWhichbprecautionbshouldbthebstaffbtakebwithbthisbpatient?
1) Contact
2) Protective
3) Droplet
4) Airborne
20.bWhilebdonningbsterilebgloves,bthebnursebnoticesbthebedgesbofbthebglovebpackagebarebslig
htlybyellow.bThebyellowbareabisboverb1binchbawaybfrombthebglovesbandbonlybappearsbtobbebonbthebo
utsidebofbthebglovebpackage.bWhatbisbthebbestbactionbforbthebnursebtobtakebatbthisbpoint?
1) Continuebusingbthebglovesbinsidebthebpackagebbecausebthebpackagebisbintact.
2) Removebglovesbfrombsterilebfieldbandbusebabnewbpairbofbsterilebgloves.
3) Throwballbsuppliesbawaybthatbwerebtobbebusedbandbbeginbagain.
4) Usebthebglovesbandbmakebsurebthebyellowbedgesbofbthebpackagebdobnotbtouchbthebclient.
21.bThebnursebisbremovingbpersonalbprotectivebequipmentb(PPE).bWhichbitembshouldbbebr
emovedbfirst?
1) Gown
2) Gloves
3) Facebshield
4) Hairbcovering
22.bAbnursebisbsplashedbinbthebfacebbybbodybfluidbduringbabprocedure.bPrioritizebthebnursesba
ctions,blistingbthebmostbimportantbonebfirst.
A. Contactbemployeebhealth
B. Completebanbincidentbreport
C. Washbthebexposedbarea
D. Reportbtobanotherbnursebthatbshebisbleavingbthebimmediatebarea.
1) 1,b2,b3,b4
2) 2,b3,b4,b1
3) 3,b4,b1,b2
4) 4,b1,b2,b3
MultiplebResponse
Identifyboneborbmorebchoicesb thatbbestbcompletebthebstatementborbanswerbthebquestion.
,1.bInbwhichbsituationbwouldbusingbstandardbprecautionsbbebadequate?bSelectballbthatbapply.
, 1) Whilebinterviewingbabclientbwithbabproductivebcough
2) Whilebhelpingbabclientbtobperformbhisbownbhygienebcare
3) Whilebaidingbabclientbtobambulatebafterbsurgery
4) Whilebinsertingbabperipheralbintravenousbcatheter
2.bWhichbofbthebfollowingbprotect(s)bthebbodybagainstbinfection?bSelectballbthatbapply.
1) Eatingbabhealthybwell-balancedbdiet
2) Beingbanbolderbadultborbanbinfant
3) Leisurebactivitiesbthreebtimesbabweek
4) Exercisingbforb30bminutesb5bdaysbabweek
3.bThebnursebisbteachingbabgroupbofbnewlybhiredbnursingbassistivebpersonnelb(NAP)baboutbp
roperbhandbwashing.bThebnursebwillbknowbthatbthebteachingbwasbeffectivebifbthebNAPbdemonstra
tebwhat?bSelectballbthatbapply.bThebNAP:
1) usesbabpaperbtowelbtobturnboffbthebfaucet.
2) holdsbfingertipsbabovebthebwristsbwhilebrinsingboffbthebsoap.
3) removesballbringsbandbwatchbbeforebwashingbhands.
4) cleansbunderneathbeachbfingernail.
4.bAlcohol-
basedbsolutionsbforbhandbhygienebcanbbebusedbtobcombatbwhichbtypesbofborganisms?bSelect
ball bthatbapply.
1) Virus
2) Bacterialbspores
3) Yeast
4) Mold
5.bAbpatientbwithbtuberculosisbisbscheduledbforbcomputedbtomographyb(CT).bHowbshouldbthebn
ursebproceed?bSelectballbthatbapply.
1) Questionbtheborderbbecausebthebpatientbmustbremainbinbisolation.
2) PlacebanbN-95brespiratorbmaskbonbthebpatientbandbtransportbhimbtobthebtest.
3) PlacebabsurgicalbmaskbonbthebpatientbandbtransportbhimbtobCTblab.
4) Notifybthebcomputedbtomographybdepartmentbaboutbprecautionsbpriorbtobtransport.
True/False
Indicatebwhetherbthebstatementbisbtrueborbfalse.
1.bBacteriabarebnecessarybforbhumanbhealthbandbwell-being.
Chapterb1.bDiseasebpreventionbAns
werbSection
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. ANSWER:b3
Patientsbacquirebinfectionbbybcontactbwithbotherbpatients,bfamilybmembers,bandbhealthcarebequipm
ent.bButbmostbinfectionbamongbpatientsbisbspreadbthroughbthebhandsbofbhealthcarebworkers.bHandbwa
shingbinterruptsbthebtransmissionbandbshouldbbebdonebbeforebandbafterballbcontactbwith
, patients,bregardlessbofbthebdiagnosis.bWhenbthebhandsbarebsoiled,bhealthcarebstaffbshouldbusebanti
bacterialbsoapbwithbwarmbwaterbtobremovebdirtbandbdebrisbfrombthebskinbsurface.bWhenbnobvisibleb
dirtbisbpresent,banbalcohol-basedbrubbshouldbbebappliedbandballowedbtobdrybforb10btob15bseconds.
2. ANSWER:b3
Patientsbarebexposedbtobmicrobesbbybcontactb(directbcontact,bairborne,borbotherwise)bwithbotherbpati
ents,bfamilybmembers,bandbcontaminatedbhealthcarebequipment.bSomebofbthesebarebpathogenicb(cau
sebillness)bandbsomebarebnonpathogenicb(dobnotbcausebillness).bButbmostbmicrobesbcausingbinfectio
nbamongbpatientsbarebspreadbbybdirectbcontactbonbthebhandsbofbhealthcarebworkers.
3. ANSWER:b1
Scrupulousbhandbwashingbisbthebmostbimportantbpartbofbmedicalbasepsis.bDonningbgloves,bap
plyingbsterilebdrapesbbeforebprocedures,bandbwearingbabprotectivebgownbmaybbebneededbtobens
urebasepsis,bbutbtheybarebnotbthebmostimportantbaspectbbecausebmicrobesbcausingbmostbhealth
care-relatedbinfectionsbarebtransmittedbbyblackbofborbineffectivebhandbwashing.
4. ANSWER:b4
Somebpeoplebmightbharborbabpathogenicborganism,bsuchbasbthebhumanbimmunodeficiencybvirusbwit
hinbtheirbbody,bandbyetbdobnotbacquirebthebdisease/infection.bThesebindividuals,bcalledbcarriers,bhav
ebnoboutwardbsignbofbactivebdisease,byetbtheybcanbpassbthebinfectionbtobothers.bAbpathogenbisbanborga
nismbcapablebofbcausingbdisease.bAbfomitebisbabcontaminatedbobjectbthatbtransfersbabpathogen,bsuchb
asbpens,bstethoscopes,bandbcontaminatedbneedles.bAbvectorbisbanborganismbthatbcarriesbabpathogenbt
obabsusceptiblebhostbthroughbabportalbforbentrybintobthebbody.bAnbexamplebofbabvectorbisbabmosquitob
orbtickbthatbbitesborbstings.
5. ANSWER:b2
Theborganismsbresponsiblebforbmeaslesbandbtuberculosis,basbwellbasbmanybfungalbinfections,barebsp
readbthroughbairbornebtransmission.bNeisseriabmeningitidis,btheborganismbthatbcausesbmeningitis
,bisbspreadbthroughbdropletbtransmission.bPathogensbthatbcausebdiarrhea,bsuch
asbClostridiumbdifficile,barebspreadbbybdirectbcontact.bThebcommonbcoldbcanbbebspreadbbybindirectbc
ontactborbdropletbtransmission.
6. ANSWER:b1
Thrushbinbthisbpatientbisbanbexamplebofbanbendogenous,bnosocomialbinfection.bThisbtypebofbinfectio
nbarisesbfrombsuppressionbofbthebpatientsbnormalbflorabasbabresultbofbsomebformbofbtreatment,bsuchba
sbantibiotics.bNormalbflorabusuallybkeepbyeastbfrombgrowingbinbthebmouth.bInbexogenousbnosocomi
albinfection,bthebpathogenbarisesbfrombthebhealthcarebenvironment.bAblatentbinfectionbcausesbnobsy
mptomsbforblongbperiods.bAnbexamplebofbablatentbinfectionbisbhumanbimmunodeficiencybvirusbinfe
ction.bAbprimarybinfectionbisbthebfirstbinfectionbthatboccursbinbabpatient.
7. ANSWER:b3
Thebstagebofbdeclineboccursbwhenbthebpatientsbimmunebdefenses,balongbwithbanybmedicalbtherapies
b(inbthisbcasebantibiotics),barebsuccessfullybreducingbthebnumberbofbpathogenicbmicrobes. bAsbabresul
t,bthebsignsbandbsymptomsbofbinfectionbbeginbtobfade.bIncubationbisbthebstagebbetweenbthebinvasionb
bybtheborganismbandbthebonsetbofbsymptoms.bDuringbthebincubationbstage,bthebpatientbdoesbnotbkno
wbhebisbinfectedbandbisbcapablebofbinfectingbothers.bThebprodromalbstagebisbcharacterizedbbybthebfirs
tbappearancebofbvaguebsymptoms.bConvalescencebisbcharacterizedbbybtissuebrepairbandbabreturnbtobh
ealbasbtheborganismsbdisappear.
8. ANSWER:b1
