VATI Comprehensive Predictor Exam
2025/2026 Complete Study Guide with
100% Correct Answers | Nursing
Fundamentals, Pharmacology, Pediatrics,
Mental Health & NCLE
1. A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions regarding car seat safety with
the parent of a newborn. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select
all that apply)
• Correct ,,,answer,,,s:
o A) Position the infant rear-facing in the backseat
o C) Be sure the car seat is at a 45-degree angle
o E) Position the car seat in the middle of the back seat
o G) Keep infants in rear-facing car seat until 2 years old or until the
child reaches the maximum height and weight for the seat
• Rationale: The car seat should never be in the front seat due to airbag injury
risk. The 45-degree angle prevents airway obstruction. The middle back seat
is safest, away from side impact. The AAP recommends rear-facing until age
2 or until max height/weight for the seat is reached .
2. A nurse is caring for a patient who fell at a nursing home. The patient is
oriented x3 and can follow directions. Which actions should the nurse take to
decrease the risk of another fall? (Select all that apply)
• Correct ,,,answer,,,s:
, o C) Make sure that the patient's call light is within reach
o D) Provide the patient with nonskid footwear
o E) Complete a fall-risk assessment
• Rationale: Call light access ensures the patient can summon help. Nonskid
footwear reduces slipping. A fall-risk assessment is the first step in
prevention. Note: Do not put all side rails up as this is considered a
restraint .
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of falls. Which action is the
nurse's priority?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: A) Complete a fall-risk assessment
• Rationale: Using the nursing process, assessment (collecting data) is always
the first step before implementing interventions like education or hazard
elimination .
4. A nurse discovers a small paper fire in a trash can in a patient's bathroom.
The patient has been taken to safety and the alarm has been activated. Which
action should the nurse take next?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: D) Place wet towels along the base of the door to the
patient's room
• Rationale: Wet towels contain the fire and smoke. Obtain a Class A fire
extinguisher for ordinary combustibles like cloth and paper .
5. A nurse manager is teaching new nurses the acronym "RACE" for fire
safety. What does each letter mean?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,:
o R - Rescue and protect patients near the fire
o A - Activate the alarm
o C - Contain/confine the fire (close doors/windows, turn off oxygen)
, o E - Extinguish the fire (Class A extinguisher for ordinary
combustibles)
• Rationale: RACE is the standard fire response protocol in healthcare
facilities .
6. A nurse administers an antihypertensive medication to a patient in error.
Place the following steps in the correct sequence:
• A) Call the MD
• B) Check the VS
• C) Notify the risk manager
• D) Complete an incident report
• E) Instruct patient to remain in bed
• Correct Order: B) Check VS → A) Call MD → E) Instruct patient to
remain in bed → C) Notify risk manager → D) Complete incident report
• Rationale: Priority is checking vital signs FIRST. If this were a "priority"
question, VS would come before calling the MD .
7. A low-residue diet consists of which foods?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: Dairy products & eggs, such as custard and yogurt
• Rationale: A low-residue diet is low in fiber and easy to digest (eggs,
custard, yogurt, ripe bananas). Legumes (lentils, black beans) are high in
fiber and not allowed .
8. A nurse is preparing to measure the fundal height of a patient at 22 weeks
of gestation. At which location should the nurse expect to palpate the fundus?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: Slightly above the belly button
• Rationale: At 20-22 weeks, the fundus is at or slightly above the umbilicus
(belly button). Less than 20 weeks is below the umbilicus. More than 22
weeks is above .
, 9. A nurse is admitting a patient with a diagnosis of preterm labor. Which
medications does the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply)
• Correct ,,,answer,,,s:
o Indomethacin (relaxes/suppresses the uterus)
o Magnesium Sulfate (tocolytic that stops/halts labor)
• Rationale: Both are tocolytics used to stop preterm labor. Magnesium
sulfate also prevents seizures in preeclampsia .
10. A nurse is preparing a patient for epidural administration. The nurse
should consult the MD to verify which medication ordered?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: Heparin
• Rationale: Heparin can cause spinal hematoma at the epidural puncture site.
Risk is increased with other anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications .
11. What is the formula to calculate BMI?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: (Weight in lbs) / (Height in inches²) × 703
• BMI Categories:
o <18.5 = Underweight
o 18.5-24.9 = Normal/Healthy weight
o 25-29.9 = Overweight
o 30 = Obese
• Rationale: A patient who is 5'3" and 80 kg has a BMI of 31 (obese) .
12. A patient with heart failure is receiving a loop diuretic. Which finding
indicates an adverse effect?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: Decreased reflexes
• Rationale: Loop diuretics cause excessive urination, leading to electrolyte
imbalances (hypokalemia) and hypotension, which can result in decreased
reflexes .
2025/2026 Complete Study Guide with
100% Correct Answers | Nursing
Fundamentals, Pharmacology, Pediatrics,
Mental Health & NCLE
1. A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions regarding car seat safety with
the parent of a newborn. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select
all that apply)
• Correct ,,,answer,,,s:
o A) Position the infant rear-facing in the backseat
o C) Be sure the car seat is at a 45-degree angle
o E) Position the car seat in the middle of the back seat
o G) Keep infants in rear-facing car seat until 2 years old or until the
child reaches the maximum height and weight for the seat
• Rationale: The car seat should never be in the front seat due to airbag injury
risk. The 45-degree angle prevents airway obstruction. The middle back seat
is safest, away from side impact. The AAP recommends rear-facing until age
2 or until max height/weight for the seat is reached .
2. A nurse is caring for a patient who fell at a nursing home. The patient is
oriented x3 and can follow directions. Which actions should the nurse take to
decrease the risk of another fall? (Select all that apply)
• Correct ,,,answer,,,s:
, o C) Make sure that the patient's call light is within reach
o D) Provide the patient with nonskid footwear
o E) Complete a fall-risk assessment
• Rationale: Call light access ensures the patient can summon help. Nonskid
footwear reduces slipping. A fall-risk assessment is the first step in
prevention. Note: Do not put all side rails up as this is considered a
restraint .
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of falls. Which action is the
nurse's priority?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: A) Complete a fall-risk assessment
• Rationale: Using the nursing process, assessment (collecting data) is always
the first step before implementing interventions like education or hazard
elimination .
4. A nurse discovers a small paper fire in a trash can in a patient's bathroom.
The patient has been taken to safety and the alarm has been activated. Which
action should the nurse take next?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: D) Place wet towels along the base of the door to the
patient's room
• Rationale: Wet towels contain the fire and smoke. Obtain a Class A fire
extinguisher for ordinary combustibles like cloth and paper .
5. A nurse manager is teaching new nurses the acronym "RACE" for fire
safety. What does each letter mean?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,:
o R - Rescue and protect patients near the fire
o A - Activate the alarm
o C - Contain/confine the fire (close doors/windows, turn off oxygen)
, o E - Extinguish the fire (Class A extinguisher for ordinary
combustibles)
• Rationale: RACE is the standard fire response protocol in healthcare
facilities .
6. A nurse administers an antihypertensive medication to a patient in error.
Place the following steps in the correct sequence:
• A) Call the MD
• B) Check the VS
• C) Notify the risk manager
• D) Complete an incident report
• E) Instruct patient to remain in bed
• Correct Order: B) Check VS → A) Call MD → E) Instruct patient to
remain in bed → C) Notify risk manager → D) Complete incident report
• Rationale: Priority is checking vital signs FIRST. If this were a "priority"
question, VS would come before calling the MD .
7. A low-residue diet consists of which foods?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: Dairy products & eggs, such as custard and yogurt
• Rationale: A low-residue diet is low in fiber and easy to digest (eggs,
custard, yogurt, ripe bananas). Legumes (lentils, black beans) are high in
fiber and not allowed .
8. A nurse is preparing to measure the fundal height of a patient at 22 weeks
of gestation. At which location should the nurse expect to palpate the fundus?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: Slightly above the belly button
• Rationale: At 20-22 weeks, the fundus is at or slightly above the umbilicus
(belly button). Less than 20 weeks is below the umbilicus. More than 22
weeks is above .
, 9. A nurse is admitting a patient with a diagnosis of preterm labor. Which
medications does the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply)
• Correct ,,,answer,,,s:
o Indomethacin (relaxes/suppresses the uterus)
o Magnesium Sulfate (tocolytic that stops/halts labor)
• Rationale: Both are tocolytics used to stop preterm labor. Magnesium
sulfate also prevents seizures in preeclampsia .
10. A nurse is preparing a patient for epidural administration. The nurse
should consult the MD to verify which medication ordered?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: Heparin
• Rationale: Heparin can cause spinal hematoma at the epidural puncture site.
Risk is increased with other anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications .
11. What is the formula to calculate BMI?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: (Weight in lbs) / (Height in inches²) × 703
• BMI Categories:
o <18.5 = Underweight
o 18.5-24.9 = Normal/Healthy weight
o 25-29.9 = Overweight
o 30 = Obese
• Rationale: A patient who is 5'3" and 80 kg has a BMI of 31 (obese) .
12. A patient with heart failure is receiving a loop diuretic. Which finding
indicates an adverse effect?
• Correct ,,,answer,,,: Decreased reflexes
• Rationale: Loop diuretics cause excessive urination, leading to electrolyte
imbalances (hypokalemia) and hypotension, which can result in decreased
reflexes .
