Nur 242 Final (thyroid, cancer) 100%
VERIFIED {2026-2027} VERSION
EXAMS With Comprehensive
Questions and Well Elaborated
Correct Answers GRADED A+
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Essays and Research Papers
Discussion Posts and Replies
,Which manifestations are associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct ans:Weight gain,
hyponatremia, oliguria, hypertension, increased specific gravity
Which interventions would the nurse implement when caring for a client with syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? - correct ans:Provide frequent oral care, Institute fall risk
precautions, Monitor for and report neurological changes. Fluids are restricted to no more than 1000 mL
and to no more than 500 mL for the client with severe hyponatremia. Treatment of SIADH includes
placing the bed flat or elevating the head of the bed no more than 10 degrees. This position promotes
venous return to the heart, which increases left ventricular filling pressure.
Which manifestations are exhibited with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH)? - correct ans:Hyponatremia and decreased urine output. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes
water retention, resulting in a decreased urine output and dilution of serum electrolytes. Blood volume
may increase, causing hypertension. Diluting the nitrogenous wastes in the blood decreases rather than
increases the BUN. Water retention dilutes electrolytes. The client is overhydrated rather than
underhydrated, so turgor is not poor. ADH acts on the nephron to cause water to be reabsorbed from
the glomerular filtrate, leading to reduced urine volume. The specific gravity of urine is elevated as a
result of increased concentration.
Which signs would the nurse expect to observe in a client with small cell carcinoma of the lung who
develops syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? Select all that apply. One, some, or
all responses may be correct. - correct ans:Oliguria, Seizures, Vomiting. Cancerous cells of small cell lung
cancer can produce antidiuretic hormone, which causes fluid retention, resulting in increased blood
volume and decreased urine volume. Fluid retention associated with SIADH can cause cerebral edema,
resulting in confusion and seizures. Fluid retention resulting in hyponatremia causes nausea and
vomiting. The client will have nausea and vomiting, resulting in a decreased oral fluid and food intake.
Which clinical findings would the nurse expect to see when assessing a client with a primary brain tumor
who has developed syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? Select all that
apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct ans:Vomiting, Increased weight, Decreased
serum sodium, Decreased level of consciousness
After a craniotomy to remove a brain tumor, the client develops the syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). For which clinical indicators would the nurse monitor the client? Select all
that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct ans:increased weight, Decreased serum
sodium, Decreased level of consciousness. As fluid is retained, the body weight will increase. One liter of
fluid weighs 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram). Excess antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes water retention, which
leads to dilutional hyponatremia. Dilution of blood and hyponatremia cause a decreased level of
,consciousness. Water retention and decreased urinary output occur because of ADH excess. Urine
output decreases to less than 20 mL/hour. This client will be lethargic, confused, or comatose,
depending on the degree of hyponatremia. Tachycardia, not bradycardia, occurs in response to fluid
volume excess associated with increased ADH.
The primary health care provider prescribed tolvaptan to a client whose laboratory reports reveal low
plasma osmolarity and continued secretion of vasopressin from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH). During follow-up care, which finding in the client indicates a side effect of
medication? - correct ans:Increased demyelination of brain neurons ( when sodium levels increase)
Which finding in a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is an
expected finding? - correct ans:Retention of water. SIADH is manifested in the form of retention of free
water. This is because of excessive secretion of vasopressin causing reabsorption of water in renal
tubules. There is hyponatremia and dilution of serum sodium in SIADH. Decreased vasopressin is seen in
diabetes insipidus. Generally, pedal (dependent) edema is not seen in SIADH despite the water
retention.
The nurse is reviewing the electronic health record of a client admitted with syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which medication order would the nurse question? - correct
ans:Intravenous (IV) 0.9% sodium chloride (IV 0.9% sodium chloride should be administered cautiously
in clients with SIADH, as it can further potentiate fluid volume overload. Instead, a 3% sodium chloride is
hypertonic and can be used to treat severe hyponatremia related to SIADH. Diuretics such as furosemide
(Lasix) can be used to treat heart failure if the sodium level is normal. Tolvaptan (Aquaretic) and
demeclocycline (Declomycin) are both medications used to treat SIADH)
Which finding would the nurse expect for a client who has just developed the syndrome of
inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? - correct ans:Decreased urine volume (ADH
causes water retention, resulting in decreased urine output. Blood volume may increase, causing
dilution of nitrogenous wastes in the blood. The client is overhydrated so that serum sodium is
decreased, producing a dilutional hyponatremia. ADH acts on nephrons to cause water to be reabsorbed
from glomerular filtrate, leading to an increased specific gravity of urine)
The nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH). Which action performed by the nurse may result in a positive outcome of the treatment? -
correct ans:Changing the position of the client frequently (Changing the position of the client frequently
helps in maintaining skin integrity and joint mobility. The head of the bed should not be elevated more
than 10 degrees to enhance venous return to the heart. The client's weight should be obtained daily to
help assess fluid retention. In acute care settings, the client's fluid intake should be no more than 800 to
1000 mL/day. Fluid intake is restricted to 500 mL/day in severe hyponatremia cases)
, Which interventions would the nurse implement in caring for a client with diabetes insipidus (DI) after a
head injury? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct ans:Provide
adequate fluids within easy reach, Assess for and report changes in neurological status, Monitor for
constipation, weight loss, hypotension, and tachycardia (Diabetes insipidus is a condition resulting in
underproduction of antidiuretic hormone. The focus of care is on maintaining fluids and electrolytes.
Oral fluids must be easily accessible at the bedside to balance urinary losses and prevent severe
dehydration. The nurse monitors for, and reports, changes in neurological status associated with
hypernatremia and high serum osmolality. Constipation and weight loss indicate fluid volume deficit and
must be reported. Hypotension and tachycardia are signs of impending shock. Massive polyuria results
in dilute urine. Decreasing urine specific gravity must be reported. There is no indication that an
antibiotic is required; therefore, erythromycin would not be prescribed. The primary pharmacological
treatment for diabetes insipidus, then, is replacement of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) with an exogenous
vasopressin, such as desmopressin acetate (DDAVP).
Which assessment finding differentiates central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? - correct ans:Urine
osmolarity (Polydipsia and polyuria are signs of diabetes insipidus. When a water deprivation test is
performed, urine osmolarity is increased dramatically from 100 to 600 mOsm (mmol)/kg in clients with
central diabetes insipidus. But in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the urine osmolarity may not be
greater than 300 mOsm (mmol)/kg. The urine output is 2 to 20 L/day in all types of diabetes insipidus.
The specific gravity is less than 1.005 in all types of diabetes insipidus and the serum osmolarity is also
greater than 295 mOsm (mmol)/kg in all types of diabetes insipidus)
The nurse is caring for a client with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus who is prescribed a low-sodium diet
and chlorothiazide therapy. Which alternative treatment would the nurse be prepared to administer if
the client fails to respond to the therapy? - correct ans:Indomethacin (When a low-sodium diet and
thiazide medications such as chlorothiazide are ineffective in a client with nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus (DI), indomethacin is prescribed. This medication helps increase the renal responsiveness to
antidiuretic hormone. Furosemide is not recommended for nephrogenic DI. Chlorpropamide helps
decrease thirst seen in clients with central DI. Lysine vasopressin is also prescribed to clients with central
DI. Because the kidney is unable to respond to antidiuretic hormone in nephrogenic DI, hormone
therapy has little effect)
Which is the etiological factor of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? - correct ans:Lithium therapy
(Lithium therapy is the etiological factor of nephrogenic DI. Central nervous system infections such as
meningitis are etiological factors of central DI. Goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland, is commonly seen in
clients with Graves disease. Sulfonamide is a goitrogen that can cause goiter)
VERIFIED {2026-2027} VERSION
EXAMS With Comprehensive
Questions and Well Elaborated
Correct Answers GRADED A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
Proctored Exam Assistance
Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
Exam Preparation & Study Materials
Assignments and Coursework Support
Essays and Research Papers
Discussion Posts and Replies
,Which manifestations are associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct ans:Weight gain,
hyponatremia, oliguria, hypertension, increased specific gravity
Which interventions would the nurse implement when caring for a client with syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? - correct ans:Provide frequent oral care, Institute fall risk
precautions, Monitor for and report neurological changes. Fluids are restricted to no more than 1000 mL
and to no more than 500 mL for the client with severe hyponatremia. Treatment of SIADH includes
placing the bed flat or elevating the head of the bed no more than 10 degrees. This position promotes
venous return to the heart, which increases left ventricular filling pressure.
Which manifestations are exhibited with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH)? - correct ans:Hyponatremia and decreased urine output. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes
water retention, resulting in a decreased urine output and dilution of serum electrolytes. Blood volume
may increase, causing hypertension. Diluting the nitrogenous wastes in the blood decreases rather than
increases the BUN. Water retention dilutes electrolytes. The client is overhydrated rather than
underhydrated, so turgor is not poor. ADH acts on the nephron to cause water to be reabsorbed from
the glomerular filtrate, leading to reduced urine volume. The specific gravity of urine is elevated as a
result of increased concentration.
Which signs would the nurse expect to observe in a client with small cell carcinoma of the lung who
develops syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? Select all that apply. One, some, or
all responses may be correct. - correct ans:Oliguria, Seizures, Vomiting. Cancerous cells of small cell lung
cancer can produce antidiuretic hormone, which causes fluid retention, resulting in increased blood
volume and decreased urine volume. Fluid retention associated with SIADH can cause cerebral edema,
resulting in confusion and seizures. Fluid retention resulting in hyponatremia causes nausea and
vomiting. The client will have nausea and vomiting, resulting in a decreased oral fluid and food intake.
Which clinical findings would the nurse expect to see when assessing a client with a primary brain tumor
who has developed syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? Select all that
apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct ans:Vomiting, Increased weight, Decreased
serum sodium, Decreased level of consciousness
After a craniotomy to remove a brain tumor, the client develops the syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). For which clinical indicators would the nurse monitor the client? Select all
that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct ans:increased weight, Decreased serum
sodium, Decreased level of consciousness. As fluid is retained, the body weight will increase. One liter of
fluid weighs 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram). Excess antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes water retention, which
leads to dilutional hyponatremia. Dilution of blood and hyponatremia cause a decreased level of
,consciousness. Water retention and decreased urinary output occur because of ADH excess. Urine
output decreases to less than 20 mL/hour. This client will be lethargic, confused, or comatose,
depending on the degree of hyponatremia. Tachycardia, not bradycardia, occurs in response to fluid
volume excess associated with increased ADH.
The primary health care provider prescribed tolvaptan to a client whose laboratory reports reveal low
plasma osmolarity and continued secretion of vasopressin from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH). During follow-up care, which finding in the client indicates a side effect of
medication? - correct ans:Increased demyelination of brain neurons ( when sodium levels increase)
Which finding in a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is an
expected finding? - correct ans:Retention of water. SIADH is manifested in the form of retention of free
water. This is because of excessive secretion of vasopressin causing reabsorption of water in renal
tubules. There is hyponatremia and dilution of serum sodium in SIADH. Decreased vasopressin is seen in
diabetes insipidus. Generally, pedal (dependent) edema is not seen in SIADH despite the water
retention.
The nurse is reviewing the electronic health record of a client admitted with syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which medication order would the nurse question? - correct
ans:Intravenous (IV) 0.9% sodium chloride (IV 0.9% sodium chloride should be administered cautiously
in clients with SIADH, as it can further potentiate fluid volume overload. Instead, a 3% sodium chloride is
hypertonic and can be used to treat severe hyponatremia related to SIADH. Diuretics such as furosemide
(Lasix) can be used to treat heart failure if the sodium level is normal. Tolvaptan (Aquaretic) and
demeclocycline (Declomycin) are both medications used to treat SIADH)
Which finding would the nurse expect for a client who has just developed the syndrome of
inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? - correct ans:Decreased urine volume (ADH
causes water retention, resulting in decreased urine output. Blood volume may increase, causing
dilution of nitrogenous wastes in the blood. The client is overhydrated so that serum sodium is
decreased, producing a dilutional hyponatremia. ADH acts on nephrons to cause water to be reabsorbed
from glomerular filtrate, leading to an increased specific gravity of urine)
The nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH). Which action performed by the nurse may result in a positive outcome of the treatment? -
correct ans:Changing the position of the client frequently (Changing the position of the client frequently
helps in maintaining skin integrity and joint mobility. The head of the bed should not be elevated more
than 10 degrees to enhance venous return to the heart. The client's weight should be obtained daily to
help assess fluid retention. In acute care settings, the client's fluid intake should be no more than 800 to
1000 mL/day. Fluid intake is restricted to 500 mL/day in severe hyponatremia cases)
, Which interventions would the nurse implement in caring for a client with diabetes insipidus (DI) after a
head injury? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct ans:Provide
adequate fluids within easy reach, Assess for and report changes in neurological status, Monitor for
constipation, weight loss, hypotension, and tachycardia (Diabetes insipidus is a condition resulting in
underproduction of antidiuretic hormone. The focus of care is on maintaining fluids and electrolytes.
Oral fluids must be easily accessible at the bedside to balance urinary losses and prevent severe
dehydration. The nurse monitors for, and reports, changes in neurological status associated with
hypernatremia and high serum osmolality. Constipation and weight loss indicate fluid volume deficit and
must be reported. Hypotension and tachycardia are signs of impending shock. Massive polyuria results
in dilute urine. Decreasing urine specific gravity must be reported. There is no indication that an
antibiotic is required; therefore, erythromycin would not be prescribed. The primary pharmacological
treatment for diabetes insipidus, then, is replacement of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) with an exogenous
vasopressin, such as desmopressin acetate (DDAVP).
Which assessment finding differentiates central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? - correct ans:Urine
osmolarity (Polydipsia and polyuria are signs of diabetes insipidus. When a water deprivation test is
performed, urine osmolarity is increased dramatically from 100 to 600 mOsm (mmol)/kg in clients with
central diabetes insipidus. But in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the urine osmolarity may not be
greater than 300 mOsm (mmol)/kg. The urine output is 2 to 20 L/day in all types of diabetes insipidus.
The specific gravity is less than 1.005 in all types of diabetes insipidus and the serum osmolarity is also
greater than 295 mOsm (mmol)/kg in all types of diabetes insipidus)
The nurse is caring for a client with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus who is prescribed a low-sodium diet
and chlorothiazide therapy. Which alternative treatment would the nurse be prepared to administer if
the client fails to respond to the therapy? - correct ans:Indomethacin (When a low-sodium diet and
thiazide medications such as chlorothiazide are ineffective in a client with nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus (DI), indomethacin is prescribed. This medication helps increase the renal responsiveness to
antidiuretic hormone. Furosemide is not recommended for nephrogenic DI. Chlorpropamide helps
decrease thirst seen in clients with central DI. Lysine vasopressin is also prescribed to clients with central
DI. Because the kidney is unable to respond to antidiuretic hormone in nephrogenic DI, hormone
therapy has little effect)
Which is the etiological factor of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? - correct ans:Lithium therapy
(Lithium therapy is the etiological factor of nephrogenic DI. Central nervous system infections such as
meningitis are etiological factors of central DI. Goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland, is commonly seen in
clients with Graves disease. Sulfonamide is a goitrogen that can cause goiter)
