CBIS CORE 2026 LATEST UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Primary vs. Secondary Headaches - ✔✔Headache that as no idenfitiable cause vs
one with an identifiable cause
✔✔Acute vs. Chronic Headaches - ✔✔Short vs lasting atleast 15 days out of a month
for atleast 3 months, cannot be linked to withdrawal of medication and must have
occurred within 14 days of TBI to be considered post traumatic head ache
✔✔Tension Headache - ✔✔Described as bilateral head pain, "clamping", caused by
head or neck muscle strain. Not associated with any other symptoms and does not
worsen with PA.
✔✔Craniomandibular Headache - ✔✔Associated with temporal-madibular joint, often
causes difficulty with eating and talking
✔✔Cervicogenic Headache - ✔✔Generated from the cervical spine, clinical diagnosis in
made with the use of nerve block
✔✔Migraines - ✔✔Located on one side of head or the other; lasts 4-72 hours; worsens
with heat, light and exercises
4 phases: Prodrome (pre-headache symptoms), Aura, Headache, Postdrome
(symptoms following headache)
Can be treated with caffeine, NSAIDS, bata blockers, environmental changes, and
narcotics (last resort)
✔✔COLDER - ✔✔Acronym used to help diagnose and assist in treating headaches
Character
Onset
Location
Duration and frequency
Exacerbation
Relief
✔✔Percentage of physical complications existing >2 years post TBI - ✔✔30%!
✔✔Spasticity - ✔✔Increase in muscle tone, tendon reflexes, and involuntary velocity of
movements
Treated multimodally with with meds (i.e. baclofen, diazepam, etc.) OT and PT services
,✔✔Heterotrophic Ossification (HO) - ✔✔Formation of new bone around joints due to
trauma or immobility
Can cause severe pain, decreased ROM, and increased spasticity
Treated with NSAIDS, PT, and sometimes surgery
✔✔Contractures - ✔✔Shortening of tendons and muscles causing decreased ROM
Treated with combination of meds, splinting, casting, PT, OT, etc.
✔✔Hyperreflexia - ✔✔Bladder emptying that is triggered easily, overactive and
overresponsive reflexes
✔✔Pressure Sores - ✔✔Occur most often near bony prominences due to decreased
mobility and lack of sensation
Can be avoided by keeping skin clean and dry, turning schedules (every 2 hours),
specialty cushion/mattress, and tilt in space W/Cs
Stage 1 (non blanchable redness)
Stage 2 (shallow open ulcer with red or pink wound bed or blister)
Stage 3 (subcutaneous fat visible, may have undermining or tunneling)
Stage 4 (exposed bone, muscle, or tendon)
Unstageable (colorful wound bed)
✔✔Deep Tissue Injury - ✔✔Purple, maroon localized area caused by damage of
underlying soft tissue
✔✔Agnosia - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Inability to recognize
✔✔Anosagnosia - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Inability to recognize own defecits or disabling condtion
✔✔Somatoagnosia - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Inability to recognize body part of structure
✔✔Apraxia - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Absence of
✔✔Spatial Relations Disorder - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
, Inability to perceive space between objects
✔✔Form Discrimination Disorder - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Challenge with orientation and similar shapes
✔✔Vertical Disorientation - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Difficulty with upright position and balance
✔✔Depth and Distance Perception Difficulty - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Difficulty sensing depth and distance of an object in relation to oneself
✔✔Co-Commitance of SCI and TBI - ✔✔60% of patients with SCI also have a TBI
12,000 new cases of SCI per year
✔✔Complete vs Incomplete SCI - ✔✔All feeling and control completely lost below level
of injury vs partial feeling and control lost below level of injury
✔✔Coma - ✔✔Disorder of consciousness
No arousal, no awareness, lasts weeks to months, impaired brain stem reflexes
✔✔Vegetative State - ✔✔Disorder of consciousness
Arousal, no awareness, lasts months to years
✔✔Minimally Conscious State - ✔✔Disorder of consciousness
Arousal, fluctuating awareness, lasts months to years
✔✔Statistic of People Living with a DOC in the U.S. - ✔✔315,000 People
✔✔Management of DOC - ✔✔Focuses of full participation in daily routine, provide
sensory stimulation, look for generalized and localized responses to stimulation,
perform ROM, apply orthotics, upright positioning, bed mobility to combat
atrophy/contractures/skin breakdown
✔✔Fatigue - ✔✔Decreased capacity for physical of mental activity due to an imbalance
of resources needed to complete activity at hand
✔✔Sleep Disruption - ✔✔Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Primary vs. Secondary Headaches - ✔✔Headache that as no idenfitiable cause vs
one with an identifiable cause
✔✔Acute vs. Chronic Headaches - ✔✔Short vs lasting atleast 15 days out of a month
for atleast 3 months, cannot be linked to withdrawal of medication and must have
occurred within 14 days of TBI to be considered post traumatic head ache
✔✔Tension Headache - ✔✔Described as bilateral head pain, "clamping", caused by
head or neck muscle strain. Not associated with any other symptoms and does not
worsen with PA.
✔✔Craniomandibular Headache - ✔✔Associated with temporal-madibular joint, often
causes difficulty with eating and talking
✔✔Cervicogenic Headache - ✔✔Generated from the cervical spine, clinical diagnosis in
made with the use of nerve block
✔✔Migraines - ✔✔Located on one side of head or the other; lasts 4-72 hours; worsens
with heat, light and exercises
4 phases: Prodrome (pre-headache symptoms), Aura, Headache, Postdrome
(symptoms following headache)
Can be treated with caffeine, NSAIDS, bata blockers, environmental changes, and
narcotics (last resort)
✔✔COLDER - ✔✔Acronym used to help diagnose and assist in treating headaches
Character
Onset
Location
Duration and frequency
Exacerbation
Relief
✔✔Percentage of physical complications existing >2 years post TBI - ✔✔30%!
✔✔Spasticity - ✔✔Increase in muscle tone, tendon reflexes, and involuntary velocity of
movements
Treated multimodally with with meds (i.e. baclofen, diazepam, etc.) OT and PT services
,✔✔Heterotrophic Ossification (HO) - ✔✔Formation of new bone around joints due to
trauma or immobility
Can cause severe pain, decreased ROM, and increased spasticity
Treated with NSAIDS, PT, and sometimes surgery
✔✔Contractures - ✔✔Shortening of tendons and muscles causing decreased ROM
Treated with combination of meds, splinting, casting, PT, OT, etc.
✔✔Hyperreflexia - ✔✔Bladder emptying that is triggered easily, overactive and
overresponsive reflexes
✔✔Pressure Sores - ✔✔Occur most often near bony prominences due to decreased
mobility and lack of sensation
Can be avoided by keeping skin clean and dry, turning schedules (every 2 hours),
specialty cushion/mattress, and tilt in space W/Cs
Stage 1 (non blanchable redness)
Stage 2 (shallow open ulcer with red or pink wound bed or blister)
Stage 3 (subcutaneous fat visible, may have undermining or tunneling)
Stage 4 (exposed bone, muscle, or tendon)
Unstageable (colorful wound bed)
✔✔Deep Tissue Injury - ✔✔Purple, maroon localized area caused by damage of
underlying soft tissue
✔✔Agnosia - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Inability to recognize
✔✔Anosagnosia - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Inability to recognize own defecits or disabling condtion
✔✔Somatoagnosia - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Inability to recognize body part of structure
✔✔Apraxia - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Absence of
✔✔Spatial Relations Disorder - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
, Inability to perceive space between objects
✔✔Form Discrimination Disorder - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Challenge with orientation and similar shapes
✔✔Vertical Disorientation - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Difficulty with upright position and balance
✔✔Depth and Distance Perception Difficulty - ✔✔Perceptual defecit associated with BI
Difficulty sensing depth and distance of an object in relation to oneself
✔✔Co-Commitance of SCI and TBI - ✔✔60% of patients with SCI also have a TBI
12,000 new cases of SCI per year
✔✔Complete vs Incomplete SCI - ✔✔All feeling and control completely lost below level
of injury vs partial feeling and control lost below level of injury
✔✔Coma - ✔✔Disorder of consciousness
No arousal, no awareness, lasts weeks to months, impaired brain stem reflexes
✔✔Vegetative State - ✔✔Disorder of consciousness
Arousal, no awareness, lasts months to years
✔✔Minimally Conscious State - ✔✔Disorder of consciousness
Arousal, fluctuating awareness, lasts months to years
✔✔Statistic of People Living with a DOC in the U.S. - ✔✔315,000 People
✔✔Management of DOC - ✔✔Focuses of full participation in daily routine, provide
sensory stimulation, look for generalized and localized responses to stimulation,
perform ROM, apply orthotics, upright positioning, bed mobility to combat
atrophy/contractures/skin breakdown
✔✔Fatigue - ✔✔Decreased capacity for physical of mental activity due to an imbalance
of resources needed to complete activity at hand
✔✔Sleep Disruption - ✔✔Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep
