NUR 2800 exam 3 Question and
answers 100% correct 2025/2026
Apoptosis - correct answer ✔-Cell death
Benign - correct answer ✔-Noncancerous, and may grow, but does not spread
Malignant neoplasm - correct answer ✔-Cancerous cells with uncontrolled growth
Cancer etiology - correct answer ✔-Virus/bacteria (HPV, HBV, EBV)
-Physical agents (sunlight,
radiation, asbestos, chronic irritation or inflammation)
-Chemicals (tobacco smoke, smokeless tobacco, occupational chemical exposure)
-Genetics
-Lifestyle (diet, obesity, sedentary lifestyle)
-Hormones (exogenous hormones, early/delayed onset of menopause, hormonal changes)
Cancer detection and prevention - correct answer ✔-Primary (risk reduction strategies, health
promotion)
-Secondary (screening and early detection)
,-Tertiary (Diagnosis and treatment)
Cancer diagnosis - correct answer ✔-Determine presence and severity of cancer
-Identify potential metastasis
-Evaluate function of organs and body systems (involved or uninvolved)
-Biopsy for cell analysis and evaluation of tumor staging and grade.
Tumor grading - correct answer ✔-Determines the type of tissue the tumor originates from. Staging
ranges 1-4 and represents the severity of the disease.
-Stage 1 indicates the earliest stage with the highest cure rate
-Stage 4 indicates metastatic spread
Cancer treatment goals - correct answer ✔-Eradication of malignant disease (cure)
-Prolong survival and contain cancer cell growth (control)
-Management of symptoms associated with disease (palliation)
Cancer management - correct answer ✔-Surgery (removal of all or greatest possible amount of the
cancer, and is the ideal and frequently used treatment method)
,-Radiation (used to cure or control cancer, reduce tumor size, and prophylactically to prevent recurrence
or metastasis from primary tumor)
Types of surgery - correct answer ✔-Diagnostic (obtain sample for tissue analysis
-Prophylactic (removal of non-vital tissues/organs that are at an increased risk of cancer development)
-Palliative (surgical cure is not possible, and surgery is used to relieve symptoms)
Types of radiation - correct answer ✔-Brachytherapy:
(placement of radioactive sources either within or immediately next to the cancer site)
(either temporary with high-dose radiation (HDR) for short period, or a permanent implant with
low-dose radiation (LDR) for an extended period)
-External radiation (EBRT):
(most used form of radiation therapy, that uses invisible beams that penetrate the body to
target the tumor)
Adult vs. childhood cancers - correct answer ✔-Childhood: Cancer tends to develop from embryonal
tissue and is generally more responsive to therapy than adult cancers. Typically, not attributed to
environmental factors, and there are generally no routine screenings as a result
-Adult: Cancer is influenced to a great extent by environmental factors and tend to derive from epithelial
tissues
Brachytherapy nursing management - correct answer ✔-private rooms
, -posting signs
-dosimeter to monitor exposure
-pregnant staff not assigned and no children/pregnant visitors
-limit visits to 30 minutes and maintain 6-foot distance from radiation source.
Chemotherapy - correct answer ✔-Use of neoplastic drugs to destroy cancer cells, primarily to treat
systemic disease rather than localized lesions
-Maybe combined with surgery and/or radiation therapy, with the goal to either cure, control, or
palliation
-These agents are only given by those that have been trained to do so
-Every time the tumor is exposed to chemotherapy a percentage of the tumor is destroyed, depending
on the dosage and agent. Repeated doses of chemotherapy are necessary over a prolonged period
-Eradication is almost impossible, and the goal of treatment is to reduce the tumor enough to where the
body's immune system can destroy the remaining malignant cells.
Chemotherapy toxicity - correct answer ✔-GI system: nausea, vomiting
-Reproductive: possible sterility
-Renal system: impaired water secretion
-Cardiopulmonary: Irreversible cumulative cardiac toxicity
answers 100% correct 2025/2026
Apoptosis - correct answer ✔-Cell death
Benign - correct answer ✔-Noncancerous, and may grow, but does not spread
Malignant neoplasm - correct answer ✔-Cancerous cells with uncontrolled growth
Cancer etiology - correct answer ✔-Virus/bacteria (HPV, HBV, EBV)
-Physical agents (sunlight,
radiation, asbestos, chronic irritation or inflammation)
-Chemicals (tobacco smoke, smokeless tobacco, occupational chemical exposure)
-Genetics
-Lifestyle (diet, obesity, sedentary lifestyle)
-Hormones (exogenous hormones, early/delayed onset of menopause, hormonal changes)
Cancer detection and prevention - correct answer ✔-Primary (risk reduction strategies, health
promotion)
-Secondary (screening and early detection)
,-Tertiary (Diagnosis and treatment)
Cancer diagnosis - correct answer ✔-Determine presence and severity of cancer
-Identify potential metastasis
-Evaluate function of organs and body systems (involved or uninvolved)
-Biopsy for cell analysis and evaluation of tumor staging and grade.
Tumor grading - correct answer ✔-Determines the type of tissue the tumor originates from. Staging
ranges 1-4 and represents the severity of the disease.
-Stage 1 indicates the earliest stage with the highest cure rate
-Stage 4 indicates metastatic spread
Cancer treatment goals - correct answer ✔-Eradication of malignant disease (cure)
-Prolong survival and contain cancer cell growth (control)
-Management of symptoms associated with disease (palliation)
Cancer management - correct answer ✔-Surgery (removal of all or greatest possible amount of the
cancer, and is the ideal and frequently used treatment method)
,-Radiation (used to cure or control cancer, reduce tumor size, and prophylactically to prevent recurrence
or metastasis from primary tumor)
Types of surgery - correct answer ✔-Diagnostic (obtain sample for tissue analysis
-Prophylactic (removal of non-vital tissues/organs that are at an increased risk of cancer development)
-Palliative (surgical cure is not possible, and surgery is used to relieve symptoms)
Types of radiation - correct answer ✔-Brachytherapy:
(placement of radioactive sources either within or immediately next to the cancer site)
(either temporary with high-dose radiation (HDR) for short period, or a permanent implant with
low-dose radiation (LDR) for an extended period)
-External radiation (EBRT):
(most used form of radiation therapy, that uses invisible beams that penetrate the body to
target the tumor)
Adult vs. childhood cancers - correct answer ✔-Childhood: Cancer tends to develop from embryonal
tissue and is generally more responsive to therapy than adult cancers. Typically, not attributed to
environmental factors, and there are generally no routine screenings as a result
-Adult: Cancer is influenced to a great extent by environmental factors and tend to derive from epithelial
tissues
Brachytherapy nursing management - correct answer ✔-private rooms
, -posting signs
-dosimeter to monitor exposure
-pregnant staff not assigned and no children/pregnant visitors
-limit visits to 30 minutes and maintain 6-foot distance from radiation source.
Chemotherapy - correct answer ✔-Use of neoplastic drugs to destroy cancer cells, primarily to treat
systemic disease rather than localized lesions
-Maybe combined with surgery and/or radiation therapy, with the goal to either cure, control, or
palliation
-These agents are only given by those that have been trained to do so
-Every time the tumor is exposed to chemotherapy a percentage of the tumor is destroyed, depending
on the dosage and agent. Repeated doses of chemotherapy are necessary over a prolonged period
-Eradication is almost impossible, and the goal of treatment is to reduce the tumor enough to where the
body's immune system can destroy the remaining malignant cells.
Chemotherapy toxicity - correct answer ✔-GI system: nausea, vomiting
-Reproductive: possible sterility
-Renal system: impaired water secretion
-Cardiopulmonary: Irreversible cumulative cardiac toxicity
