,1. What is the primary purpose of hemodialysis?
A. Cure kidney disease
B. Replace some kidney functions
C. Increase insulin production
D. Remove red blood cells
Correct Answer: B. Replace some kidney functions
Rationale:
Hemodialysis helps remove waste products, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood when
the kidneys can no longer function adequately.
2. Which vascular access has the LOWEST infection risk?
A. Central venous catheter
B. PICC line
C. AV fistula
D. Temporary catheter
Correct Answer: C. AV fistula
Rationale:
An arteriovenous fistula is considered the gold standard for long-term dialysis access
because it has fewer infections and complications.
3. A patient becomes dizzy during dialysis. What is the MOST likely cause?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Hypertension
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: B. Hypotension
Rationale:
Rapid fluid removal can lower blood pressure, causing dizziness, nausea, and weakness.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most dangerous in dialysis patients?
A. Low phosphorus
B. High potassium
, C. High calcium
D. Low magnesium
Correct Answer: B. High potassium
Rationale:
Hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
5. What does a “thrill” indicate in an AV fistula?
A. Infection
B. Blood clot
C. Adequate blood flow
D. Low pressure
Correct Answer: C. Adequate blood flow
Rationale:
A thrill is a vibration felt over the access that indicates blood is flowing through the fistula.
6. Which action is MOST important before cannulating an access?
A. Check blood sugar
B. Wash hands and clean the site
C. Increase blood flow
D. Apply lotion
Correct Answer: B. Wash hands and clean the site
Rationale:
Proper aseptic technique reduces infection risk during vascular access cannulation.
7. What is ultrafiltration?
A. Removal of toxins only
B. Removal of excess fluid
C. Production of red blood cells
D. Measurement of potassium
Correct Answer: B. Removal of excess fluid
Rationale:
Ultrafiltration removes excess fluid by applying pressure across the dialyzer membrane.
A. Cure kidney disease
B. Replace some kidney functions
C. Increase insulin production
D. Remove red blood cells
Correct Answer: B. Replace some kidney functions
Rationale:
Hemodialysis helps remove waste products, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood when
the kidneys can no longer function adequately.
2. Which vascular access has the LOWEST infection risk?
A. Central venous catheter
B. PICC line
C. AV fistula
D. Temporary catheter
Correct Answer: C. AV fistula
Rationale:
An arteriovenous fistula is considered the gold standard for long-term dialysis access
because it has fewer infections and complications.
3. A patient becomes dizzy during dialysis. What is the MOST likely cause?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Hypertension
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: B. Hypotension
Rationale:
Rapid fluid removal can lower blood pressure, causing dizziness, nausea, and weakness.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most dangerous in dialysis patients?
A. Low phosphorus
B. High potassium
, C. High calcium
D. Low magnesium
Correct Answer: B. High potassium
Rationale:
Hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
5. What does a “thrill” indicate in an AV fistula?
A. Infection
B. Blood clot
C. Adequate blood flow
D. Low pressure
Correct Answer: C. Adequate blood flow
Rationale:
A thrill is a vibration felt over the access that indicates blood is flowing through the fistula.
6. Which action is MOST important before cannulating an access?
A. Check blood sugar
B. Wash hands and clean the site
C. Increase blood flow
D. Apply lotion
Correct Answer: B. Wash hands and clean the site
Rationale:
Proper aseptic technique reduces infection risk during vascular access cannulation.
7. What is ultrafiltration?
A. Removal of toxins only
B. Removal of excess fluid
C. Production of red blood cells
D. Measurement of potassium
Correct Answer: B. Removal of excess fluid
Rationale:
Ultrafiltration removes excess fluid by applying pressure across the dialyzer membrane.
