CHEM 238 PRACTICE SOLUTION
COMPLETE QANDA STUDY REVIEW PACK
●● HX (HCl, HBr, HI)
Answer: Hydrohalogenation — Double bond removed, halide added to
most substituted carbon
●● HBr, radical initiator
Answer: Radical hydrohalogenation — Double bond removed, Br added
to least substituted carbon (anti-Markovnikov)
●● Br2
Answer: Halogenation — Double bond removed, two Br added anti
(vicinal dihalide)
●● Br2, H2O
Answer: Halohydrin formation — Double bond removed, Br and OH
added anti, OH on more substituted carbon
●● B2H6
Answer: Hydroboration-oxidation — Double bond removed, OH ends
up on least substituted carbon
, ●● H2O2, NaOH
Answer: Hydroboration-oxidation — Oxidizes boron to alcohol
●● Hg(OAc)2, H2O
Answer: Oxymercuration — Double bond removed, OH added
Markovnikov without rearrangements
●● NaBH4
Answer: Oxymercuration-reduction — Replaces Hg with H
●● H2, Pd/C
Answer: Alkene hydrogenation — Double bond removed, H added syn
●● Lindlar catalyst
Answer: Alkyne hydrogenation — Alkyne reduced to cis-alkene
●● Na, NH3
Answer: Alkyne reduction — Alkyne reduced to trans-alkene
●● SO2Cl + Pyridine/Et3N
Answer: Sulfonyl chloride Alcohol → chloride — O attaches to SO2 to
form good LG
COMPLETE QANDA STUDY REVIEW PACK
●● HX (HCl, HBr, HI)
Answer: Hydrohalogenation — Double bond removed, halide added to
most substituted carbon
●● HBr, radical initiator
Answer: Radical hydrohalogenation — Double bond removed, Br added
to least substituted carbon (anti-Markovnikov)
●● Br2
Answer: Halogenation — Double bond removed, two Br added anti
(vicinal dihalide)
●● Br2, H2O
Answer: Halohydrin formation — Double bond removed, Br and OH
added anti, OH on more substituted carbon
●● B2H6
Answer: Hydroboration-oxidation — Double bond removed, OH ends
up on least substituted carbon
, ●● H2O2, NaOH
Answer: Hydroboration-oxidation — Oxidizes boron to alcohol
●● Hg(OAc)2, H2O
Answer: Oxymercuration — Double bond removed, OH added
Markovnikov without rearrangements
●● NaBH4
Answer: Oxymercuration-reduction — Replaces Hg with H
●● H2, Pd/C
Answer: Alkene hydrogenation — Double bond removed, H added syn
●● Lindlar catalyst
Answer: Alkyne hydrogenation — Alkyne reduced to cis-alkene
●● Na, NH3
Answer: Alkyne reduction — Alkyne reduced to trans-alkene
●● SO2Cl + Pyridine/Et3N
Answer: Sulfonyl chloride Alcohol → chloride — O attaches to SO2 to
form good LG