NUR 3028L – Essentials of Nursing
Practice Lab Complete Skills Check- Offs,
Practicum & Midterm Success Guide
What is the primary mechanism that leads to hormonal regulation disruption?
Disruption of feedback regulation.
What are the physiological effects of Diabetes Insipidus (DI) regarding ADH?
Low ADH effect leads to water loss, increased serum sodium, and increased osmolality.
What is the primary difference in clinical presentation between DI and SIADH regarding
ADH levels?
DI is caused by low ADH (water loss), while SIADH is caused by excess ADH (water retention
and dilutional hyponatremia).
What is the definition of Diabetes Mellitus in terms of insulin?
A condition of chronic hyperglycemia resulting from problems with insulin production, insulin
action, or both.
What are the three main metabolic consequences of insulin dysfunction?
Decreased cellular glucose uptake and altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
What is the primary problem addressed in the study?
ICU patients on mechanical ventilation experience high anxiety, pain, and agitation.
What is the purpose of the study?
To examine the effect of live music therapy on physiological outcomes, pain, and agitation in
mechanically ventilated ICU patients.
What type of study design was used?
Quantitative, experimental, randomized controlled trial (RCT).
What is the significance of random assignment in this study?
It allows testing of cause-and-effect relationships.
How was randomization achieved in the study?
Using an electronic program and a coin flip to reduce bias.
What was the sample size of the study?
118 patients (57 intervention, 61 control).
What population was studied?
Adult ICU patients on mechanical ventilation.
What was a key limitation of the study?
The sample was mostly White males and conducted at a single site, limiting generalizability.
What is the independent variable in this study?
Live music therapy.
What are the dependent variables measured?
Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, pain (CPOT), and agitation (RASS).
What is the duration of the music therapy session?
30 minutes.
How was the music tailored for patients?
Based on patient needs and preferences.
What is the entrainment mechanism in music therapy?
,Music matches the patient's heart rate/breathing and then gradually slows to promote relaxation.
What measurement tools were used for agitation and pain?
RASS (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale) for agitation and CPOT (Critical Care Pain
Observation Tool) for pain.
What statistical significance level was considered in the study?
p < .05.
What were the key results regarding heart rate and agitation?
Both heart rate and agitation (RASS) showed significant improvements (p < .001).
What was the odds ratio (OR) for pain reduction in patients receiving music therapy?
OR = 6.02, indicating patients were ~6 times more likely to have lower pain scores.
What physiological measures did not show significant improvement?
Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate.
What subgroup finding was noted in the study?
Greater heart rate reduction in patients with higher baseline heart rates.
What are the implications of music therapy for practice?
It is an effective nonpharmacologic intervention that reduces the need for opioids and sedatives,
improving patient comfort and outcomes.
What is the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance?
Statistical significance indicates a result is unlikely due to chance, while clinical significance
refers to the practical importance of the result.
Is a patient's report of dizziness an example of subjective data?
Yes, it is an example of subjective data.
What is the primary source of data for the health history?
The patient.
Which position is used in a physical examination to assess the rectum of a patient?
Sims position.
Which physical assessment technique is used to assess temperature, turgor, texture,
moisture, vibrations, and shape?
Palpation.
What term describes a musical or squeaking, high-pitched sound heard in the lungs?
Wheeze.
What are the steps of abdominal assessment in the correct order?
Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation.
What is erythema?
Redness of the skin.
What does cyanosis indicate?
Bluish or grayish color of the skin.
What is the purpose of palpation in a physical assessment?
To assess temperature, turgor, texture, moisture, vibrations, and shape.
What is the significance of the Sims position in physical assessments?
It is used to assess the rectum and vagina.
What are common cardiovascular variations in older adults?
Difficult-to-palpate apical pulse and increased blood pressure.
What is the role of the RN in breast examinations?
Teaching self-breast examination.
What are the risk factors to assess in the neurologic system?
,History of numbness, tingling, seizures, and trauma.
What is the purpose of auscultation during a physical assessment?
To listen to sounds produced in the body.
What is the significance of abdominal pain in a health assessment?
It may indicate underlying health issues.
What is diaphoresis?
Excessive perspiration.
What does edema indicate?
Excess fluid in the body.
What should be explained to the patient before a physical assessment?
The process and that it should not be painful.
What is the purpose of inspection in a physical assessment?
To perform deliberate, purposeful observation.
What is the role of the advanced practice healthcare provider in genital assessments?
To perform the assessments.
What are the characteristics of sound assessed during auscultation?
Pitch, loudness, quality, and duration.
What is the significance of assessing the thorax and lungs?
To identify respiratory issues.
What is the importance of maintaining patient privacy during assessments?
To ensure comfort and trust.
What does jaundice indicate?
Yellow color of the skin.
What is the significance of palpating the abdomen?
To assess for abnormalities.
What should be included in the health history for female genitalia assessment?
Menstrual history and sexual history.
What are common variations in lung sounds?
Bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular, and adventitious sounds.
What is the role of the RN in male genitalia assessment?
To collect health history.
This type of assessment is conducted in intervals
ongoing partial
What are some considerations when permorming an assessment?
Life Span, Cultural/religious, patient's physiologic needs, environmental preparations
What are examples of environmental preparations?
Making sure there is privacy, provide a gown, make sure room is appropriate temperature, offer
help with undressing if needed, offer the restroom prior to start
Special considerations for older adults?
Give them appropriate time, make sure they have hearing aids/glasses,
What is considered biographical date in an asssessment?
demographic data such as name, address, billing and insurance information, biological sex,
sexual orientation, gender identity, age and date of birth, marital status, occupation, race, ethnic
origin, religious preference, presence of an advance directive.
Explain "reason for seeking healthcare" during an assessment
, Use open ended questions and explore symptoms thoroughly and allow patient to use their own
words.
Try to record exactly what the has to say and avoid paraphrasing and interpreting.
What is history of present concern referring to?
when did it start, where is it, how long does it last, intensity, description, what relieves or
exacerbates the problem past occurrences, any treatments, and how the problem has affected the
patient.
What is the purpose of functional health history?
Identifies patients ability to care for self and ensure QOL
What types of questions are asked during the functional health history portion?
level of activity and exercise, sleep and rest, and nutrition. Is patient able to perform activities of
daily living: eating, bathing, dressing, toileting. Does the person utilize alcohol, drugs, tobacco,
any exposure to environmental and occupational hazards, or domestic violence. How is the
patient's mental and sexual health?
What type of chart is used for screening if distant vision?
Snellen chart
What type of chart is used to test near vision?
Jaeger Card
This position is used to assess posture, gait, and balance. it is NOT used in patients who are
weak, dizzy, or prone to falls
Standing
This position allows for visualization of upper body, facilitates lung expansion, and used to
assess vital signs, head, neck, anterior and posterior thorax, lungs, heart, breasts and upper
extremities.
sitting
This position facilitates abdominal muscle relaxation.
Supine
This position is used to assess the head, neck, anterior thorax, lugs, heart, breasts,
extremities and peripheral pulses. NOT used for abdominal assessment
Dorsal recumbent
In this position, Both knees are flexed, with upper leg more acutely flexed. It is used
to assess the rectum or vagina.
Sims
This position used to assess the hip joint and posterior thorax.
prone
This position buttocks on edge of table with heels in stirrups. Used to assess female
genitalia and rectum
lithotomy
In this position, the patient kneels with body at a 90-degree angle to the hips, back straight,
arms above the head. It is used to assess the anus and rectum.
knee chest
Which physical assessment technique is using your senses?
inspection
This assessment technique is the act of striking one object against another to produce
sound when fingertips are used to tap the body over body tissues to produce vibrations and
sound waves. It is used to assess location, shape, size, and density of tissues
Practice Lab Complete Skills Check- Offs,
Practicum & Midterm Success Guide
What is the primary mechanism that leads to hormonal regulation disruption?
Disruption of feedback regulation.
What are the physiological effects of Diabetes Insipidus (DI) regarding ADH?
Low ADH effect leads to water loss, increased serum sodium, and increased osmolality.
What is the primary difference in clinical presentation between DI and SIADH regarding
ADH levels?
DI is caused by low ADH (water loss), while SIADH is caused by excess ADH (water retention
and dilutional hyponatremia).
What is the definition of Diabetes Mellitus in terms of insulin?
A condition of chronic hyperglycemia resulting from problems with insulin production, insulin
action, or both.
What are the three main metabolic consequences of insulin dysfunction?
Decreased cellular glucose uptake and altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
What is the primary problem addressed in the study?
ICU patients on mechanical ventilation experience high anxiety, pain, and agitation.
What is the purpose of the study?
To examine the effect of live music therapy on physiological outcomes, pain, and agitation in
mechanically ventilated ICU patients.
What type of study design was used?
Quantitative, experimental, randomized controlled trial (RCT).
What is the significance of random assignment in this study?
It allows testing of cause-and-effect relationships.
How was randomization achieved in the study?
Using an electronic program and a coin flip to reduce bias.
What was the sample size of the study?
118 patients (57 intervention, 61 control).
What population was studied?
Adult ICU patients on mechanical ventilation.
What was a key limitation of the study?
The sample was mostly White males and conducted at a single site, limiting generalizability.
What is the independent variable in this study?
Live music therapy.
What are the dependent variables measured?
Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, pain (CPOT), and agitation (RASS).
What is the duration of the music therapy session?
30 minutes.
How was the music tailored for patients?
Based on patient needs and preferences.
What is the entrainment mechanism in music therapy?
,Music matches the patient's heart rate/breathing and then gradually slows to promote relaxation.
What measurement tools were used for agitation and pain?
RASS (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale) for agitation and CPOT (Critical Care Pain
Observation Tool) for pain.
What statistical significance level was considered in the study?
p < .05.
What were the key results regarding heart rate and agitation?
Both heart rate and agitation (RASS) showed significant improvements (p < .001).
What was the odds ratio (OR) for pain reduction in patients receiving music therapy?
OR = 6.02, indicating patients were ~6 times more likely to have lower pain scores.
What physiological measures did not show significant improvement?
Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate.
What subgroup finding was noted in the study?
Greater heart rate reduction in patients with higher baseline heart rates.
What are the implications of music therapy for practice?
It is an effective nonpharmacologic intervention that reduces the need for opioids and sedatives,
improving patient comfort and outcomes.
What is the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance?
Statistical significance indicates a result is unlikely due to chance, while clinical significance
refers to the practical importance of the result.
Is a patient's report of dizziness an example of subjective data?
Yes, it is an example of subjective data.
What is the primary source of data for the health history?
The patient.
Which position is used in a physical examination to assess the rectum of a patient?
Sims position.
Which physical assessment technique is used to assess temperature, turgor, texture,
moisture, vibrations, and shape?
Palpation.
What term describes a musical or squeaking, high-pitched sound heard in the lungs?
Wheeze.
What are the steps of abdominal assessment in the correct order?
Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation.
What is erythema?
Redness of the skin.
What does cyanosis indicate?
Bluish or grayish color of the skin.
What is the purpose of palpation in a physical assessment?
To assess temperature, turgor, texture, moisture, vibrations, and shape.
What is the significance of the Sims position in physical assessments?
It is used to assess the rectum and vagina.
What are common cardiovascular variations in older adults?
Difficult-to-palpate apical pulse and increased blood pressure.
What is the role of the RN in breast examinations?
Teaching self-breast examination.
What are the risk factors to assess in the neurologic system?
,History of numbness, tingling, seizures, and trauma.
What is the purpose of auscultation during a physical assessment?
To listen to sounds produced in the body.
What is the significance of abdominal pain in a health assessment?
It may indicate underlying health issues.
What is diaphoresis?
Excessive perspiration.
What does edema indicate?
Excess fluid in the body.
What should be explained to the patient before a physical assessment?
The process and that it should not be painful.
What is the purpose of inspection in a physical assessment?
To perform deliberate, purposeful observation.
What is the role of the advanced practice healthcare provider in genital assessments?
To perform the assessments.
What are the characteristics of sound assessed during auscultation?
Pitch, loudness, quality, and duration.
What is the significance of assessing the thorax and lungs?
To identify respiratory issues.
What is the importance of maintaining patient privacy during assessments?
To ensure comfort and trust.
What does jaundice indicate?
Yellow color of the skin.
What is the significance of palpating the abdomen?
To assess for abnormalities.
What should be included in the health history for female genitalia assessment?
Menstrual history and sexual history.
What are common variations in lung sounds?
Bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular, and adventitious sounds.
What is the role of the RN in male genitalia assessment?
To collect health history.
This type of assessment is conducted in intervals
ongoing partial
What are some considerations when permorming an assessment?
Life Span, Cultural/religious, patient's physiologic needs, environmental preparations
What are examples of environmental preparations?
Making sure there is privacy, provide a gown, make sure room is appropriate temperature, offer
help with undressing if needed, offer the restroom prior to start
Special considerations for older adults?
Give them appropriate time, make sure they have hearing aids/glasses,
What is considered biographical date in an asssessment?
demographic data such as name, address, billing and insurance information, biological sex,
sexual orientation, gender identity, age and date of birth, marital status, occupation, race, ethnic
origin, religious preference, presence of an advance directive.
Explain "reason for seeking healthcare" during an assessment
, Use open ended questions and explore symptoms thoroughly and allow patient to use their own
words.
Try to record exactly what the has to say and avoid paraphrasing and interpreting.
What is history of present concern referring to?
when did it start, where is it, how long does it last, intensity, description, what relieves or
exacerbates the problem past occurrences, any treatments, and how the problem has affected the
patient.
What is the purpose of functional health history?
Identifies patients ability to care for self and ensure QOL
What types of questions are asked during the functional health history portion?
level of activity and exercise, sleep and rest, and nutrition. Is patient able to perform activities of
daily living: eating, bathing, dressing, toileting. Does the person utilize alcohol, drugs, tobacco,
any exposure to environmental and occupational hazards, or domestic violence. How is the
patient's mental and sexual health?
What type of chart is used for screening if distant vision?
Snellen chart
What type of chart is used to test near vision?
Jaeger Card
This position is used to assess posture, gait, and balance. it is NOT used in patients who are
weak, dizzy, or prone to falls
Standing
This position allows for visualization of upper body, facilitates lung expansion, and used to
assess vital signs, head, neck, anterior and posterior thorax, lungs, heart, breasts and upper
extremities.
sitting
This position facilitates abdominal muscle relaxation.
Supine
This position is used to assess the head, neck, anterior thorax, lugs, heart, breasts,
extremities and peripheral pulses. NOT used for abdominal assessment
Dorsal recumbent
In this position, Both knees are flexed, with upper leg more acutely flexed. It is used
to assess the rectum or vagina.
Sims
This position used to assess the hip joint and posterior thorax.
prone
This position buttocks on edge of table with heels in stirrups. Used to assess female
genitalia and rectum
lithotomy
In this position, the patient kneels with body at a 90-degree angle to the hips, back straight,
arms above the head. It is used to assess the anus and rectum.
knee chest
Which physical assessment technique is using your senses?
inspection
This assessment technique is the act of striking one object against another to produce
sound when fingertips are used to tap the body over body tissues to produce vibrations and
sound waves. It is used to assess location, shape, size, and density of tissues
