EMS1055 LATEST 2026 MAIN FINALS PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔diminished lung sounds - ✔✔faint or completely inaudible usually due to decreased
airflow r/t bronchial obstruction or fluid/tissue separates air passages from stethoscope
(obese).
✔✔wheezes - ✔✔continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves
through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages.
asthma(expiratory), COPD, anaphylactic
✔✔rales (crackles) - ✔✔fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation)
when there is fluid in the alveoli. rhonchi
✔✔stridor - ✔✔strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction
in the pharynx or larynx
inspiration: above vocal cords
expiration: below vocal cords
✔✔Know the order of the trauma assessment - ✔✔XABC's
○ Scene Size-Up
Hazards (power lines, gas, animals, people)
PPE / standard precautions
Number of patients (establish command, additional resources)
MOI (anticipate type and severity of injuries)
○ Initial assessment
■ General impression
● Age, sex, weight, general appearance, position, purposeful movement, obvious
injuries, skin color
Life-threatening bleeding (CABC)
LOC
● AVPU
● C-spine stabilization if indicated
● Chief complaint/symptoms
Airway
● *Consider C-spine control*
● Snoring, gurgling, stridor; silence
● Direct: simple positioning and suctioning
Breathing
● Present? Rate, depth, effort
● Direct: high-flow O2 ■ Circulation
● radial/carotid present? Rate, rhythm, quality
● Skin color, temperature, moisture; capillary refill
■ Has bleeding been controlled???
○ MOI decision
,Dangerous generalized MOI or unconscious = rapid trauma
survey
Dangerous focused = focused exam
No significant MOI and initial assessment normal = focused
exam
○ Rapid trauma survey
Head and neck
● Neck vein distended?
● Tracheal deviation?
Chest
● Asymmetry; (w/ paradoxical motion?), contusions, penetrations
● Tenderness, instability, crepitation
● Breath sounds
○ Present? Equal? If unequal: percussion ● Heart tones
■ Abdomen● Contusions, penetration/evisceration, tenderness, rigidity,
distention ■ Pelvis
● Tenderness, instability, crepitation
Lower/upper extremities
● Obvious swelling, deformity
● Motor and sensory
Posterior
● Penetrations, obvious deformity
○ If critical -> transfer to ambulance to complete exam
○ If not critical ->
■ If radial pulse present● Vital signs: measured pulse, breathing, BP
■ If altered mental status
● Pupils: size? reactive? equal?
● Glasgow coma scale: eyes, voice, motor
○ Reassessment exam■ Change in condition
● Patient, interventions■ Perform and record each time pt moved, with each
intervention,
if
✔✔Know what Golden Hour means - ✔✔time frame following a traumatic event where
survival is most likely if treatment is received starts at onset of injury ends in the
operating room
✔✔Know when to stop a primary survey - ✔✔1. scene unsafe
2. airway obstruction
3. cardiac arrest
4. life threatening bleed (bright red and spirting)
✔✔Know how to perform DCAP-BLS-TIC assessment - ✔✔This is during the secondary
survey. A more detailed exam. Go from head to toe, don't forget the back and check for
DCAP-BLS-TIC
deformities
, contusions
abrasions
penetrations
burns
lacerations
swelling
tenderness
instability
crepitus
if they are a load-and-go situation, this can be done during transport
✔✔deformities - ✔✔
✔✔contusions - ✔✔bruises
✔✔abrasions - ✔✔scrapes
✔✔penetrations - ✔✔caused by a sharp, pointed object or projectile such as a bullet
✔✔burns - ✔✔
✔✔lacerations - ✔✔a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.
✔✔swelling - ✔✔edema
✔✔tenderness - ✔✔
✔✔instability - ✔✔pelvis
✔✔crepitus - ✔✔
✔✔Know the different etiologies of hemorrhage - ✔✔arteries: spurting bright red blood
with pulsating flow
veins: steady, slow flow, dark red color
capillaries: slow, even flow
suspect hemorrhage: sustained rate >100
traumatic injury
embolism
penetration
falls
explosions
broken bones
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔diminished lung sounds - ✔✔faint or completely inaudible usually due to decreased
airflow r/t bronchial obstruction or fluid/tissue separates air passages from stethoscope
(obese).
✔✔wheezes - ✔✔continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves
through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages.
asthma(expiratory), COPD, anaphylactic
✔✔rales (crackles) - ✔✔fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation)
when there is fluid in the alveoli. rhonchi
✔✔stridor - ✔✔strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction
in the pharynx or larynx
inspiration: above vocal cords
expiration: below vocal cords
✔✔Know the order of the trauma assessment - ✔✔XABC's
○ Scene Size-Up
Hazards (power lines, gas, animals, people)
PPE / standard precautions
Number of patients (establish command, additional resources)
MOI (anticipate type and severity of injuries)
○ Initial assessment
■ General impression
● Age, sex, weight, general appearance, position, purposeful movement, obvious
injuries, skin color
Life-threatening bleeding (CABC)
LOC
● AVPU
● C-spine stabilization if indicated
● Chief complaint/symptoms
Airway
● *Consider C-spine control*
● Snoring, gurgling, stridor; silence
● Direct: simple positioning and suctioning
Breathing
● Present? Rate, depth, effort
● Direct: high-flow O2 ■ Circulation
● radial/carotid present? Rate, rhythm, quality
● Skin color, temperature, moisture; capillary refill
■ Has bleeding been controlled???
○ MOI decision
,Dangerous generalized MOI or unconscious = rapid trauma
survey
Dangerous focused = focused exam
No significant MOI and initial assessment normal = focused
exam
○ Rapid trauma survey
Head and neck
● Neck vein distended?
● Tracheal deviation?
Chest
● Asymmetry; (w/ paradoxical motion?), contusions, penetrations
● Tenderness, instability, crepitation
● Breath sounds
○ Present? Equal? If unequal: percussion ● Heart tones
■ Abdomen● Contusions, penetration/evisceration, tenderness, rigidity,
distention ■ Pelvis
● Tenderness, instability, crepitation
Lower/upper extremities
● Obvious swelling, deformity
● Motor and sensory
Posterior
● Penetrations, obvious deformity
○ If critical -> transfer to ambulance to complete exam
○ If not critical ->
■ If radial pulse present● Vital signs: measured pulse, breathing, BP
■ If altered mental status
● Pupils: size? reactive? equal?
● Glasgow coma scale: eyes, voice, motor
○ Reassessment exam■ Change in condition
● Patient, interventions■ Perform and record each time pt moved, with each
intervention,
if
✔✔Know what Golden Hour means - ✔✔time frame following a traumatic event where
survival is most likely if treatment is received starts at onset of injury ends in the
operating room
✔✔Know when to stop a primary survey - ✔✔1. scene unsafe
2. airway obstruction
3. cardiac arrest
4. life threatening bleed (bright red and spirting)
✔✔Know how to perform DCAP-BLS-TIC assessment - ✔✔This is during the secondary
survey. A more detailed exam. Go from head to toe, don't forget the back and check for
DCAP-BLS-TIC
deformities
, contusions
abrasions
penetrations
burns
lacerations
swelling
tenderness
instability
crepitus
if they are a load-and-go situation, this can be done during transport
✔✔deformities - ✔✔
✔✔contusions - ✔✔bruises
✔✔abrasions - ✔✔scrapes
✔✔penetrations - ✔✔caused by a sharp, pointed object or projectile such as a bullet
✔✔burns - ✔✔
✔✔lacerations - ✔✔a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.
✔✔swelling - ✔✔edema
✔✔tenderness - ✔✔
✔✔instability - ✔✔pelvis
✔✔crepitus - ✔✔
✔✔Know the different etiologies of hemorrhage - ✔✔arteries: spurting bright red blood
with pulsating flow
veins: steady, slow flow, dark red color
capillaries: slow, even flow
suspect hemorrhage: sustained rate >100
traumatic injury
embolism
penetration
falls
explosions
broken bones
