EMS1055 LATEST 2026 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Know how to assess for a GCS - ✔✔Decorticate is arms flexed upwards, high brain
injury. Deceberate is arms extended downwards, low brain injury.
✔✔Know the lung sounds taught in lecture and what they mean. - ✔✔Rhonchi: Buildup
of mucus or other fluids.
Wheezes: Asthma, COPD, Anaphylaxis
Rales: Pulmonary Edema, CHF
Stridor: Upper airway obstruction
✔✔Know the reasons to stop a primary survey in trauma - ✔✔Stop a primary survey if
the scene becomes unsafe, if exsanguinating hemorrhage is present, an airway
obstruction is present, or if the patient enters cardiac arrest.
✔✔Know the components of the primary and secondary survey in trauma patients -
✔✔Components of Primary: Initial assessment, rapid trauma survey, critical
interventions and transport decision, contact medical direction.
Components of Secondary: Repeat initial assessment, repeat vital signs and consider
monitors, perform a neurological exam, perform a detailed head to toe exam.
✔✔Know what DCAP-BLS-TIC means - ✔✔Deformities, contusions, abrasions,
penetrations, burns, lacerations, swelling, tenderness, instability, crepitus.
✔✔Know what OPPQRST means and when to use it - ✔✔Onset, Provocation,
Palliation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time. Use when assessing pain of a patient.
✔✔Know 3 phases of shock (compensated, decompensated, irreversible) -
✔✔Compensated: 15-25% blood volume, weakness, tachycardia, narrowed pulse
pressure, delayed cap refill, thirst.
Decompensated: 30-45% blood volume, hypotension, weak/no peripheral pulse,
prolonged cap refill.
✔✔Know the types of obstructive shock - ✔✔Mechanical shock (blood flow obstruction)
and cardiogenic (reduced pumping strength) shock.
✔✔Know the steps to control arterial bleeding - ✔✔Direct pressure, quikclot, anti-shock
position (elevate above heart), high flow O2, rapid and safe transport.
✔✔Know when to apply high-flow oxygen - ✔✔External hemorrhage, flail chest, open
pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, cardiac/pericardial tamponade, tension
pneumothorax, myocardial contusion, blast injury, shock, suspected brain injury.
, ✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for a flail chest - ✔✔Uneven chest rise/fall.
Ensure open airway, stabilize with hand or compression bandage, high flow O2 and
transport.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for an open pneumothorax - ✔✔Sucking
chest wound, wound may be bubbling, and can result in hypoxia. Close the chest wall
defect and give high flow O2.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for a pericardial tamponade - ✔✔Beck's
triad (hypotension, muffled heart sounds, neck veins distended), paradoxical pulse,
equal breath sounds. Ensure an open airway, high flow O2, transport and notify
hospital. Monitor for hemothorax and pneumothorax.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for a tension pneumothorax -
✔✔Dyspnea, anxiety, tachypnea, distended neck veins, late travel deviation, diminished
breath sounds. Ensure an open airway, give high flow O2, transport and notify hospital.
✔✔Know the different kinds of shock and how they present - ✔✔Cardiogenic Shock:
Heart begins to fail
Neurogenic Shock: Unopposed parasympathetic control, hypotension, bradycardia,
temperature dysregulation. Skin is warm and dry.
Septic Shock: Fever symptoms, tachycardia, tachypnea.
Hypovolemic Shock: Tachycardia, long cap refill.
Mechanical Shock: Pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for anaphylactic shock - ✔✔Swelling,
hives (urticaria), itchiness (pruritus), wheezes or stridor. Treated with an
epipen/epinephrine.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for insulin shock - ✔✔Also called
hypoglycemia, is caused by low blood glucose levels (below 70-110 mg/dL). Skin is
pale, cool, diaphoretic and patient can have altered mentation and seizures. If patient
can swallow then can be given oral glucose, juice with sugar, if not able to swallow then
given IV glucose.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for cerebral herniation syndrome -
✔✔CSF flow is obstructed, causing pressure on the brain stem. Signs include
decreasing LOC leading into rapid progression into a coma, lockjaw (trismas) can also
be present. Slight hyperventilation is required (ex. 20 breaths/min)
✔✔Know how CPP is determined and how ICP relates to it - ✔✔CPP = MAP - ICP
✔✔Know the signs and symptoms of a Basilar Skull fracture - ✔✔Battle's sign and
raccoon eyes are signs, however they do not appear until several hours after injury.
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Know how to assess for a GCS - ✔✔Decorticate is arms flexed upwards, high brain
injury. Deceberate is arms extended downwards, low brain injury.
✔✔Know the lung sounds taught in lecture and what they mean. - ✔✔Rhonchi: Buildup
of mucus or other fluids.
Wheezes: Asthma, COPD, Anaphylaxis
Rales: Pulmonary Edema, CHF
Stridor: Upper airway obstruction
✔✔Know the reasons to stop a primary survey in trauma - ✔✔Stop a primary survey if
the scene becomes unsafe, if exsanguinating hemorrhage is present, an airway
obstruction is present, or if the patient enters cardiac arrest.
✔✔Know the components of the primary and secondary survey in trauma patients -
✔✔Components of Primary: Initial assessment, rapid trauma survey, critical
interventions and transport decision, contact medical direction.
Components of Secondary: Repeat initial assessment, repeat vital signs and consider
monitors, perform a neurological exam, perform a detailed head to toe exam.
✔✔Know what DCAP-BLS-TIC means - ✔✔Deformities, contusions, abrasions,
penetrations, burns, lacerations, swelling, tenderness, instability, crepitus.
✔✔Know what OPPQRST means and when to use it - ✔✔Onset, Provocation,
Palliation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time. Use when assessing pain of a patient.
✔✔Know 3 phases of shock (compensated, decompensated, irreversible) -
✔✔Compensated: 15-25% blood volume, weakness, tachycardia, narrowed pulse
pressure, delayed cap refill, thirst.
Decompensated: 30-45% blood volume, hypotension, weak/no peripheral pulse,
prolonged cap refill.
✔✔Know the types of obstructive shock - ✔✔Mechanical shock (blood flow obstruction)
and cardiogenic (reduced pumping strength) shock.
✔✔Know the steps to control arterial bleeding - ✔✔Direct pressure, quikclot, anti-shock
position (elevate above heart), high flow O2, rapid and safe transport.
✔✔Know when to apply high-flow oxygen - ✔✔External hemorrhage, flail chest, open
pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, cardiac/pericardial tamponade, tension
pneumothorax, myocardial contusion, blast injury, shock, suspected brain injury.
, ✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for a flail chest - ✔✔Uneven chest rise/fall.
Ensure open airway, stabilize with hand or compression bandage, high flow O2 and
transport.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for an open pneumothorax - ✔✔Sucking
chest wound, wound may be bubbling, and can result in hypoxia. Close the chest wall
defect and give high flow O2.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for a pericardial tamponade - ✔✔Beck's
triad (hypotension, muffled heart sounds, neck veins distended), paradoxical pulse,
equal breath sounds. Ensure an open airway, high flow O2, transport and notify
hospital. Monitor for hemothorax and pneumothorax.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for a tension pneumothorax -
✔✔Dyspnea, anxiety, tachypnea, distended neck veins, late travel deviation, diminished
breath sounds. Ensure an open airway, give high flow O2, transport and notify hospital.
✔✔Know the different kinds of shock and how they present - ✔✔Cardiogenic Shock:
Heart begins to fail
Neurogenic Shock: Unopposed parasympathetic control, hypotension, bradycardia,
temperature dysregulation. Skin is warm and dry.
Septic Shock: Fever symptoms, tachycardia, tachypnea.
Hypovolemic Shock: Tachycardia, long cap refill.
Mechanical Shock: Pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for anaphylactic shock - ✔✔Swelling,
hives (urticaria), itchiness (pruritus), wheezes or stridor. Treated with an
epipen/epinephrine.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for insulin shock - ✔✔Also called
hypoglycemia, is caused by low blood glucose levels (below 70-110 mg/dL). Skin is
pale, cool, diaphoretic and patient can have altered mentation and seizures. If patient
can swallow then can be given oral glucose, juice with sugar, if not able to swallow then
given IV glucose.
✔✔Know the signs, symptoms and treatment for cerebral herniation syndrome -
✔✔CSF flow is obstructed, causing pressure on the brain stem. Signs include
decreasing LOC leading into rapid progression into a coma, lockjaw (trismas) can also
be present. Slight hyperventilation is required (ex. 20 breaths/min)
✔✔Know how CPP is determined and how ICP relates to it - ✔✔CPP = MAP - ICP
✔✔Know the signs and symptoms of a Basilar Skull fracture - ✔✔Battle's sign and
raccoon eyes are signs, however they do not appear until several hours after injury.
