USMLE STEP 1 COMPLETE REVIEW STUDY
GUIDE WITH HIGH-YIELD NOTES AND
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales Included
,anti-IgG antibodies - diagnosis? rheumatoid arthritis
antimitochondrial antibodies - diagnosis? primary biliary cirrhosis
antineutrophil antibodies - diagnosis? vasculitis
antiplatelet antibodies - diagnosis? idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
arachnodactyly - diagnosis? Marfan's syndrome
Argyll-Robertson pupil - diagnosis? neurosyphilis
Arnold-Chiari malformation cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Aschoff bodies - diagnosis? rheumatic fever
atrophy of the mammillary bodies - diagnosis? Wernicke's encephalopathy
Auer rods - diagnosis? acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic type)
autosplenectomy - diagnosis? sickle cell anemia
Babinski's sign is associated with what? UMN lesion
"bamboo spine" on x-ray ankylosing spondylitis
basophilic stippling of RBCs - diagnosis? lead poisoning
defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's Becker's muscular dystrophy
LMN CN VII palsy Bell's palsy
Bence Jones proteins - possible diagnoses? multiple myeloma - kappa or lambda light chains
- in each case, what are the proteins? Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - IgM
IgA nephropathy - diagnosis? Berger's disease
Bernard-Soulier disease - what is the defect? defect in platelet adhesion
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - diagnosis? sarcoidosis
,Birbeck granules on EM - diagnosis? histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
bloody tap on LP - diagnosis? subarachnoid hemorrhage
"blue bloater" chronic bronchitis
blue-domed cysts - diagnosis? fibrocystic change of the breast
blue sclera - diagnosis? osteogenesis imperfecta
boot-shaped heart on x-ray - possible diagnoses? tetralogy of Fallot or RVH
Bouchard's nodes - diagnosis? osteoarthritis - on PIP secondary to osteophytes
- where are they located?
- why do they occur?
boutonniere deformity - diagnosis? rheumatoid arthritis
branching rods in oral infection - diagnosis? Actinomyces israelii
"brown tumor" of bone - possible diagnoses? hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- what causes the brown color? - color is due to hemorrhage in cysts
X-linked agammaglobulinemia Bruton's disease
posthepatic venous thrombosis - diagnosis? Budd-Chiari syndrome
Buerger's disease - what size arteries does it affect? small or medium-artery vasculitis
Burkitt's lymphoma - what is the translocation? 8:14 translocation
- what virus is it associated with? EBV
- appearance on histology? starry sky appearance
Burton's lines - diagnosis? lead poisoning
what types of ANCA are associated with Wegener's Wegener's - c-ANCA
granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis? MPA - p-ANCA
cafe-au-lait spots on skin - diagnosis? neurofibromatosis
calf pseudohypertrophy - diagnosis? Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Call-Exner bodies - diagnosis? granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - diagnosis? Chagas' disease
, trypanosome infection - diagnosis? Chagas' disease
painless chancre - diagnosis? primary syphilis
painful chancroid - cause? Haemophilus ducreyi
Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
Charcot's triad of cholangitis jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
Charcot-Leyden crystals - diagnosis? bronchial asthma - eosinophil membranes
- what are they?
what is the defect in Chediak-Higashi disease? phagocyte deficiency
cherry-red spot on macula - possible diagnoses? Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease
what are Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and in what central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
circumstance do they occur?
"chocolate cysts" endometriosis
what does chronic atrophic gastritis predispose to? gastric carcinoma
Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate? facial muscle spasm upon tapping - sign of hypocalcemia
DES exposure in utero predisposes to what? clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
clue cells - diagnosis? Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman's triangle on x-ray - diagnosis? osteosarcoma
cold agglutinins - possible diagnoses? Mycoplasma pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis
cold intolerance - sign of what? hypothyroidism
condylomata lata - diagnosis? secondary syphilis
continuous machinery murmur - indicates what? patent ductus arteriosus
what is the defect in Cori's disease? debranching enzyme deficiency
cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, fever - diagnosis? measles
Councilman bodies - diagnosis? toxic or viral hepatitis
Cowdry type A bodies - caused by what? herpesvirus
GUIDE WITH HIGH-YIELD NOTES AND
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,anti-IgG antibodies - diagnosis? rheumatoid arthritis
antimitochondrial antibodies - diagnosis? primary biliary cirrhosis
antineutrophil antibodies - diagnosis? vasculitis
antiplatelet antibodies - diagnosis? idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
arachnodactyly - diagnosis? Marfan's syndrome
Argyll-Robertson pupil - diagnosis? neurosyphilis
Arnold-Chiari malformation cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Aschoff bodies - diagnosis? rheumatic fever
atrophy of the mammillary bodies - diagnosis? Wernicke's encephalopathy
Auer rods - diagnosis? acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic type)
autosplenectomy - diagnosis? sickle cell anemia
Babinski's sign is associated with what? UMN lesion
"bamboo spine" on x-ray ankylosing spondylitis
basophilic stippling of RBCs - diagnosis? lead poisoning
defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's Becker's muscular dystrophy
LMN CN VII palsy Bell's palsy
Bence Jones proteins - possible diagnoses? multiple myeloma - kappa or lambda light chains
- in each case, what are the proteins? Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - IgM
IgA nephropathy - diagnosis? Berger's disease
Bernard-Soulier disease - what is the defect? defect in platelet adhesion
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - diagnosis? sarcoidosis
,Birbeck granules on EM - diagnosis? histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
bloody tap on LP - diagnosis? subarachnoid hemorrhage
"blue bloater" chronic bronchitis
blue-domed cysts - diagnosis? fibrocystic change of the breast
blue sclera - diagnosis? osteogenesis imperfecta
boot-shaped heart on x-ray - possible diagnoses? tetralogy of Fallot or RVH
Bouchard's nodes - diagnosis? osteoarthritis - on PIP secondary to osteophytes
- where are they located?
- why do they occur?
boutonniere deformity - diagnosis? rheumatoid arthritis
branching rods in oral infection - diagnosis? Actinomyces israelii
"brown tumor" of bone - possible diagnoses? hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- what causes the brown color? - color is due to hemorrhage in cysts
X-linked agammaglobulinemia Bruton's disease
posthepatic venous thrombosis - diagnosis? Budd-Chiari syndrome
Buerger's disease - what size arteries does it affect? small or medium-artery vasculitis
Burkitt's lymphoma - what is the translocation? 8:14 translocation
- what virus is it associated with? EBV
- appearance on histology? starry sky appearance
Burton's lines - diagnosis? lead poisoning
what types of ANCA are associated with Wegener's Wegener's - c-ANCA
granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis? MPA - p-ANCA
cafe-au-lait spots on skin - diagnosis? neurofibromatosis
calf pseudohypertrophy - diagnosis? Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Call-Exner bodies - diagnosis? granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - diagnosis? Chagas' disease
, trypanosome infection - diagnosis? Chagas' disease
painless chancre - diagnosis? primary syphilis
painful chancroid - cause? Haemophilus ducreyi
Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
Charcot's triad of cholangitis jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
Charcot-Leyden crystals - diagnosis? bronchial asthma - eosinophil membranes
- what are they?
what is the defect in Chediak-Higashi disease? phagocyte deficiency
cherry-red spot on macula - possible diagnoses? Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease
what are Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and in what central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
circumstance do they occur?
"chocolate cysts" endometriosis
what does chronic atrophic gastritis predispose to? gastric carcinoma
Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate? facial muscle spasm upon tapping - sign of hypocalcemia
DES exposure in utero predisposes to what? clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
clue cells - diagnosis? Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman's triangle on x-ray - diagnosis? osteosarcoma
cold agglutinins - possible diagnoses? Mycoplasma pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis
cold intolerance - sign of what? hypothyroidism
condylomata lata - diagnosis? secondary syphilis
continuous machinery murmur - indicates what? patent ductus arteriosus
what is the defect in Cori's disease? debranching enzyme deficiency
cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, fever - diagnosis? measles
Councilman bodies - diagnosis? toxic or viral hepatitis
Cowdry type A bodies - caused by what? herpesvirus
