NSG430 Exam 2 V3 | NSG 430 Adult Health
Nursing II | Grand Canyon University
This comprehensive exam-style resource is designed to prepare students for adult health nursing
assessments related to complex gastrointestinal conditions, renal management, and adult
endocrine disorders. The material emphasizes evidence-based nursing interventions and safe
patient care practices.
The questions are structured to closely mirror actual course exams while reinforcing
prioritization, clinical reasoning, and nursing management strategies. Detailed expert
explanations support understanding and successful exam performance.
════════════════════════════════════
The Exam Covers:
• Acute kidney injury
• Chronic kidney disease
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Diabetes complications
• Enteral and parenteral nutrition
• Adult elimination disorders
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Nursing management of endocrine disorders
════════════════════════════════════
1. A patient is diagnosed with prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following
conditions most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Hypovolemia due to severe hemorrhage
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C. Aminoglycoside toxicity
D. Acute glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
,Expert Explanation: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic circulation
and decrease renal blood flow. Hypovolemia from hemorrhage directly impairs perfusion
to the kidneys. The nurse must recognize that treating the underlying cause of decreased
perfusion is the priority to prevent permanent intrarenal damage.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient in the oliguric phase of AKI. Which clinical finding should
the nurse expect?
A. Urinary output of 350 mL/day
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypovolemia
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The oliguric phase is characterized by a urine output of less than 400
mL per day. During this phase, the patient is likely to experience fluid volume excess and
hyperkalemia. It is critical for the nurse to monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and
cardiac arrhythmias.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 25
mL/min/1.73 m². Which stage of CKD is this patient experiencing?
A. Stage 2
B. Stage 3
C. Stage 4
, D. Stage 5
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Stage 4 CKD is defined by a GFR between 15 and 29 mL/min,
indicating severe kidney damage. At this stage, the nurse should prepare the patient for
potential renal replacement therapy. Education focuses on diet and the management of
complications like anemia and bone disease.
4. Which dietary instruction is most appropriate for a patient with Stage 4 CKD who is not yet
on dialysis?
A. Increase intake of protein to 1.5 g/kg/day
B. Maintain a high-sodium diet to prevent hypotension
C. Consume at least 4,000 mL of fluid daily
D. Restrict dietary phosphorus and potassium
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Patients with advanced CKD must limit phosphorus and potassium
because the kidneys can no longer excrete these electrolytes effectively. High levels of
phosphorus can lead to bone disease, while high potassium poses a risk for cardiac arrest.
The nurse should provide a list of low-potassium foods and emphasize adherence to the
regimen.
Nursing II | Grand Canyon University
This comprehensive exam-style resource is designed to prepare students for adult health nursing
assessments related to complex gastrointestinal conditions, renal management, and adult
endocrine disorders. The material emphasizes evidence-based nursing interventions and safe
patient care practices.
The questions are structured to closely mirror actual course exams while reinforcing
prioritization, clinical reasoning, and nursing management strategies. Detailed expert
explanations support understanding and successful exam performance.
════════════════════════════════════
The Exam Covers:
• Acute kidney injury
• Chronic kidney disease
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Diabetes complications
• Enteral and parenteral nutrition
• Adult elimination disorders
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Nursing management of endocrine disorders
════════════════════════════════════
1. A patient is diagnosed with prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following
conditions most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Hypovolemia due to severe hemorrhage
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C. Aminoglycoside toxicity
D. Acute glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
,Expert Explanation: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic circulation
and decrease renal blood flow. Hypovolemia from hemorrhage directly impairs perfusion
to the kidneys. The nurse must recognize that treating the underlying cause of decreased
perfusion is the priority to prevent permanent intrarenal damage.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient in the oliguric phase of AKI. Which clinical finding should
the nurse expect?
A. Urinary output of 350 mL/day
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypovolemia
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The oliguric phase is characterized by a urine output of less than 400
mL per day. During this phase, the patient is likely to experience fluid volume excess and
hyperkalemia. It is critical for the nurse to monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and
cardiac arrhythmias.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 25
mL/min/1.73 m². Which stage of CKD is this patient experiencing?
A. Stage 2
B. Stage 3
C. Stage 4
, D. Stage 5
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Stage 4 CKD is defined by a GFR between 15 and 29 mL/min,
indicating severe kidney damage. At this stage, the nurse should prepare the patient for
potential renal replacement therapy. Education focuses on diet and the management of
complications like anemia and bone disease.
4. Which dietary instruction is most appropriate for a patient with Stage 4 CKD who is not yet
on dialysis?
A. Increase intake of protein to 1.5 g/kg/day
B. Maintain a high-sodium diet to prevent hypotension
C. Consume at least 4,000 mL of fluid daily
D. Restrict dietary phosphorus and potassium
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Patients with advanced CKD must limit phosphorus and potassium
because the kidneys can no longer excrete these electrolytes effectively. High levels of
phosphorus can lead to bone disease, while high potassium poses a risk for cardiac arrest.
The nurse should provide a list of low-potassium foods and emphasize adherence to the
regimen.
