MDC4 EXAM 1 109 2026 MATERNAL CHILD
NURSING TEST PAPER QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ causes of atelectasis.
Answer: retained secretions
foreign body
tumor or growth in the airway
altered breathing patterns
pain
post op complication
neuromuscular and MSK disorders
prolonged supine or prone position
disorders that cause excessive pressure on lung tissues- pleural
effusion, pericardial effusion, thoracic tumor, elevated diaphragm,
hemothorax
◉ cues of atelectasis.
Answer: increasing dyspnea
cough
sputum production
resp distress
,tachycardia
tachypnea
pleural pain
central cyanosis
◉ what will you see on assessment of someone with atelectasis.
Answer: increased work of breathing
hypoxemia
decreased breath sounds
crackles
infiltrates or consolidation on xray
◉ prevention techniques for atelectasis.
Answer: frequent turning
early mobilization
deep breathing techniques
incentive spirometry
◉ solutions for atelectasis.
Answer: -ICOUGH → Prevention & daily self-care to keep alveoli
open.
,-PEEP → Mechanical support to prevent collapse and improve
oxygenation.
-Bronchoscopy → Direct removal of obstructions causing collapse.
◉ ICOUGH.
Answer: I - Incentive Spirometry.
C - Coughing & deep breathing.
O - Oral care (reduce bacteria)
U - Understanding (pt and staff education).
G - Getting out of bed (early mobilization)
H - HOB elevation.
◉ what are the types of pneumonia.
Answer: community acquired: <48 hours of admission
health care associated: >48 hours after admission
hospital acquired: >48 hours after admission
venilator associated: >48 hours after ventilation
◉ what is ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch.
Answer: when air flow to the alveoli (ventilation) and blood flow to
the pulmonary capillaries (perfusion) are not properly matched,
leading to impaired gas exchange and low oxygen in the blood
*caused by hypoventilation*
, ◉ lobar vs broncho pneumonia.
Answer: lobar- involves entire lobe
broncho- patchy infection involving multiple areas of one or both
lungs
◉ cues of pneumonia.
Answer: HA
fever
pleuritic pain
myalgia
rash
pharyngitis
central cyanosis
orthopnea
anorexia
purulent or rusty blood tinged sputum
tactile fremitus
bronchial breath sounds
◉ most common CAP bacteria.
Answer: streptococcus pneumoniae
NURSING TEST PAPER QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ causes of atelectasis.
Answer: retained secretions
foreign body
tumor or growth in the airway
altered breathing patterns
pain
post op complication
neuromuscular and MSK disorders
prolonged supine or prone position
disorders that cause excessive pressure on lung tissues- pleural
effusion, pericardial effusion, thoracic tumor, elevated diaphragm,
hemothorax
◉ cues of atelectasis.
Answer: increasing dyspnea
cough
sputum production
resp distress
,tachycardia
tachypnea
pleural pain
central cyanosis
◉ what will you see on assessment of someone with atelectasis.
Answer: increased work of breathing
hypoxemia
decreased breath sounds
crackles
infiltrates or consolidation on xray
◉ prevention techniques for atelectasis.
Answer: frequent turning
early mobilization
deep breathing techniques
incentive spirometry
◉ solutions for atelectasis.
Answer: -ICOUGH → Prevention & daily self-care to keep alveoli
open.
,-PEEP → Mechanical support to prevent collapse and improve
oxygenation.
-Bronchoscopy → Direct removal of obstructions causing collapse.
◉ ICOUGH.
Answer: I - Incentive Spirometry.
C - Coughing & deep breathing.
O - Oral care (reduce bacteria)
U - Understanding (pt and staff education).
G - Getting out of bed (early mobilization)
H - HOB elevation.
◉ what are the types of pneumonia.
Answer: community acquired: <48 hours of admission
health care associated: >48 hours after admission
hospital acquired: >48 hours after admission
venilator associated: >48 hours after ventilation
◉ what is ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch.
Answer: when air flow to the alveoli (ventilation) and blood flow to
the pulmonary capillaries (perfusion) are not properly matched,
leading to impaired gas exchange and low oxygen in the blood
*caused by hypoventilation*
, ◉ lobar vs broncho pneumonia.
Answer: lobar- involves entire lobe
broncho- patchy infection involving multiple areas of one or both
lungs
◉ cues of pneumonia.
Answer: HA
fever
pleuritic pain
myalgia
rash
pharyngitis
central cyanosis
orthopnea
anorexia
purulent or rusty blood tinged sputum
tactile fremitus
bronchial breath sounds
◉ most common CAP bacteria.
Answer: streptococcus pneumoniae
