Evolution Exam 3 – Martin – TXST – Study Guide & Revision Notes
Vestigial traits - correct answer ✔✔Traits that were useful in ancestors that are inherited today,
but that have lost their original use
Example of vestigial trait - correct answer ✔✔flightless birds with wings, penguins use wings as
rudders, mole rat has eyes
atavism - correct answer ✔✔in biology, the reappearance of a characteristic in an organism
after several generations of absence; individual or a part that exhibits atavism; return of a trait
after a period of absence
Why do atavisms occur? - correct answer ✔✔re-expression of genes that were function in
ancestors but are now silenced
dead genes/pseudogenes - correct answer ✔✔mutation in promoter region, stop codon
inserted inside a gene does not go away, it remains as a pseudogene
Example of pseudogene - correct answer ✔✔pathway for humans to make vitamin C
How many pseudogenes do humans have? - correct answer ✔✔76
Evolution happens by... - correct answer ✔✔adding new stuff onto old
ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (Haeckel) - correct answer ✔✔embryonic stages don't look
like the adult forms of their ancestors, but like the embryonic forms of ancestors
bad design - correct answer ✔✔imperfect design is the mark of evolution (ex. flounder)
, If natural selection is true... - correct answer ✔✔it predicts similarities in structure and
development
"unity of life" - correct answer ✔✔taxonomic relationship, structure, and develoopment of
organisms
For some organisms, development is... - correct answer ✔✔pretty simple
Developmentally, the young will resemble each other... - correct answer ✔✔more than they do
the adults because any modification is the result of a developmental add-on that comes after
the fact
Darwins 2 principles ch. 13 - correct answer ✔✔-modifications are tacked on at a late age
-modifications are inherited at a later age
speciation - correct answer ✔✔process by which species arise/divide into more than one
species
phylogeny - correct answer ✔✔pattern of evolutionary relationships; hypothesized relationships
among groups we're studying
What do the lines on the phylogenetic tree represent? - correct answer ✔✔evolving species
What do nodes on a phylogenetic tree represent? - correct answer ✔✔speciation points
Species at tips on phylogentic tree - correct answer ✔✔extant species
Vestigial traits - correct answer ✔✔Traits that were useful in ancestors that are inherited today,
but that have lost their original use
Example of vestigial trait - correct answer ✔✔flightless birds with wings, penguins use wings as
rudders, mole rat has eyes
atavism - correct answer ✔✔in biology, the reappearance of a characteristic in an organism
after several generations of absence; individual or a part that exhibits atavism; return of a trait
after a period of absence
Why do atavisms occur? - correct answer ✔✔re-expression of genes that were function in
ancestors but are now silenced
dead genes/pseudogenes - correct answer ✔✔mutation in promoter region, stop codon
inserted inside a gene does not go away, it remains as a pseudogene
Example of pseudogene - correct answer ✔✔pathway for humans to make vitamin C
How many pseudogenes do humans have? - correct answer ✔✔76
Evolution happens by... - correct answer ✔✔adding new stuff onto old
ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (Haeckel) - correct answer ✔✔embryonic stages don't look
like the adult forms of their ancestors, but like the embryonic forms of ancestors
bad design - correct answer ✔✔imperfect design is the mark of evolution (ex. flounder)
, If natural selection is true... - correct answer ✔✔it predicts similarities in structure and
development
"unity of life" - correct answer ✔✔taxonomic relationship, structure, and develoopment of
organisms
For some organisms, development is... - correct answer ✔✔pretty simple
Developmentally, the young will resemble each other... - correct answer ✔✔more than they do
the adults because any modification is the result of a developmental add-on that comes after
the fact
Darwins 2 principles ch. 13 - correct answer ✔✔-modifications are tacked on at a late age
-modifications are inherited at a later age
speciation - correct answer ✔✔process by which species arise/divide into more than one
species
phylogeny - correct answer ✔✔pattern of evolutionary relationships; hypothesized relationships
among groups we're studying
What do the lines on the phylogenetic tree represent? - correct answer ✔✔evolving species
What do nodes on a phylogenetic tree represent? - correct answer ✔✔speciation points
Species at tips on phylogentic tree - correct answer ✔✔extant species
