NUR 170 Final Exam (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Hemodynamics,
Hypertension, Antihypertensive Medications | Q&A
BP = CO × SVR | Normal CO 4-8 L/min | MAP Formula (SBP + 2DBP)/3 | MAP Normal 70-100 | Arteriosclerosis | Hypertension
Staging (Normal, Elevated, HTN I, HTN II) | Modifiable/Non-Modifiable Risk Factors | Primary (Essential) HTN (90%) vs
Secondary HTN (5-10%) | Diagnostic Tests (ECG, UA, Creatinine, GFR >60) | Hypertensive Urgency vs Emergency | Alpha-
Blockers (-osin: doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin) | Beta-Blockers (Cardioselective: metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol; Nonselective:
propranolol, nadolol, sotalol; Dual Acting: carvedilol, labetalol) | ACE Inhibitors (-pril: prevent conversion of angiotensin I to
II; adverse effects: angioedema, persistent cough, hyperkalemia) | ARBs (-sartan: block angiotensin II; adverse effects:
angioedema, orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia) | Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine, diltiazem, verapamil; more effective
in African Americans) | Thiazide Diuretics | Loop Diuretics (ototoxicity with IV route) | Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
(hyperkalemia) | Vasodilators (hydralazine, nitroprusside)
SUBJECT COURSE FOCUS
Medical-Surgical / Cardiology / NUR 170 Final Exam Hemodynamics, Hypertension,
Pharmacology Antihypertensive Medications
Q1
What is the equation for blood pressure (BP)?
ANSWER
BP = Cardiac Output (CO) × Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
RATIONALE
• CO is amount of blood pumped by heart per minute. SVR is resistance in blood vessels.
• Normal CO = 4-8 L/min.
Q2
What determines Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)?
ANSWER
Blood viscosity, length of vessel, and diameter of vessel (vasoconstriction/vasodilation).
RATIONALE
• Vasoconstriction increases SVR; vasodilation decreases SVR.
, Q3
What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and normal range?
ANSWER
Average pressure in arterial circulation through cardiac cycle. Normal range: 70-100 mmHg.
RATIONALE
• MAP = (SBP + 2DBP) / 3
• MAP must be at least 60 to perfuse vital organs.
Q4
What is hypertension defined as? (Based on 2 or more readings)
ANSWER
Systolic BP 130 or higher, OR Diastolic BP 80 or higher.
RATIONALE
• Normal: <120 AND <80. Elevated: 120-129 AND <80. HTN I: 130-139 OR 80-89. HTN II: ≥140 OR ≥90.
Q5
What are modifiable risk factors for hypertension?
ANSWER
Obesity, lifestyle, smoking, diet (sodium), physical inactivity, stress (things you can change).
RATIONALE
• Weight loss and exercise are first-line interventions.
Hypertension, Antihypertensive Medications | Q&A
BP = CO × SVR | Normal CO 4-8 L/min | MAP Formula (SBP + 2DBP)/3 | MAP Normal 70-100 | Arteriosclerosis | Hypertension
Staging (Normal, Elevated, HTN I, HTN II) | Modifiable/Non-Modifiable Risk Factors | Primary (Essential) HTN (90%) vs
Secondary HTN (5-10%) | Diagnostic Tests (ECG, UA, Creatinine, GFR >60) | Hypertensive Urgency vs Emergency | Alpha-
Blockers (-osin: doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin) | Beta-Blockers (Cardioselective: metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol; Nonselective:
propranolol, nadolol, sotalol; Dual Acting: carvedilol, labetalol) | ACE Inhibitors (-pril: prevent conversion of angiotensin I to
II; adverse effects: angioedema, persistent cough, hyperkalemia) | ARBs (-sartan: block angiotensin II; adverse effects:
angioedema, orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia) | Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine, diltiazem, verapamil; more effective
in African Americans) | Thiazide Diuretics | Loop Diuretics (ototoxicity with IV route) | Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
(hyperkalemia) | Vasodilators (hydralazine, nitroprusside)
SUBJECT COURSE FOCUS
Medical-Surgical / Cardiology / NUR 170 Final Exam Hemodynamics, Hypertension,
Pharmacology Antihypertensive Medications
Q1
What is the equation for blood pressure (BP)?
ANSWER
BP = Cardiac Output (CO) × Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
RATIONALE
• CO is amount of blood pumped by heart per minute. SVR is resistance in blood vessels.
• Normal CO = 4-8 L/min.
Q2
What determines Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)?
ANSWER
Blood viscosity, length of vessel, and diameter of vessel (vasoconstriction/vasodilation).
RATIONALE
• Vasoconstriction increases SVR; vasodilation decreases SVR.
, Q3
What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and normal range?
ANSWER
Average pressure in arterial circulation through cardiac cycle. Normal range: 70-100 mmHg.
RATIONALE
• MAP = (SBP + 2DBP) / 3
• MAP must be at least 60 to perfuse vital organs.
Q4
What is hypertension defined as? (Based on 2 or more readings)
ANSWER
Systolic BP 130 or higher, OR Diastolic BP 80 or higher.
RATIONALE
• Normal: <120 AND <80. Elevated: 120-129 AND <80. HTN I: 130-139 OR 80-89. HTN II: ≥140 OR ≥90.
Q5
What are modifiable risk factors for hypertension?
ANSWER
Obesity, lifestyle, smoking, diet (sodium), physical inactivity, stress (things you can change).
RATIONALE
• Weight loss and exercise are first-line interventions.
