Lec 14
Nervous system is divided into 2 mainparts, the central Nervous
system
(CNS) and peripheral nervers system (PNS)
components
:
Brain : ack as command center,
processing inst
coordinating bodily
un I Spinal
- Functions
cord : a communication highway /signals blu brain-body) ,
controls some autonomic reflexes
Ganglia : the cell bodies of
·
Kruses
sensory neurons
·
Nerves bundles
:
of axous that transmit signals blu CNS and
the rest ofthe
body
↳ electrical cables in body , bundles were
of fibers
that are the axous of
many neurons
Control
System
CNS contains networks of neurns ,
and their cell bodies form
functional units (centers)
↳
responsible or
processing info-generating responses
↳ receive
signal though dendries, and send to other
neurons down axon
-
>
terminals
lower centers :
Spiral card , handle basic functions like
replexes
·
hiquer centers : brain , complex responses like thought,
emotiont movement
Afferent pathucy : incoming pathway , carries sensory into
From CNS
body's organs-1
from cutgomy Pathway
Efferent patucy : o a
caries
·
commands
↳ how brain controls muscle movement
, gland secretin
and changes in HR
, ·
sensory fibers : afferent filers , transmit into from periphery
to CNS
includes temp , pressive , light , panetc.
↳
motor Fibers : efferent filers , transmit motor commands from
ans-effector organs
↳
primarily to muscles/grands
*
Single Spinal here contains both sensory-motor ribers ,
travelling in
opposite directions
↳
Spinal nerves are mixed newves
ONS responsible for transmitting
division :
sensory part of
inpo
from various parts ofthe body to the
sensory
CNs I sensory afferent fibers)
motr division : ParacFPNs
responsible or out
carrying
motor commands Fran CNS- > expectororgans
(motor-efferent ribers)
PNS
↓
1
sensory Motur
↓ I
- T
somatic : Visceral :
somatic : visceral :
handles sensory transmits sensory controls skeletal lautonomic nervous
info from the info from internal muscles , allowing system) regulates
,
skin , Skeletal organs from thoracic fr
voluntary functions of involuntary
muscher
,
bunes, and abdominal movement organs , heart , smoom
andjoints carities - somatic reflexes muscle , +
glands
,
,
touch , pain hunger like knee-jerk sympathetic
- -
,
·
+
and
temp , thirst , and reflex
win from the
parasympathetic
proprioceptio &
systems each
having
jbody position)
internal organs ,
effects
opposing
, clusters of
Ganglia cell bodies in the PNS
:
neuron
Nuclei
·
:
aggregations of neuen cell bodies in as
Newes : bundles of axcs / nerve fibers in the PNS
tracts : bundles of axons within the SNS that share a common
origin , destination , and function
columns : truets within the cas Puniculus
groups of multiple -7
·
-
within the
Types of neurons &und exclusively CNs,
connect sensory + motor nervous.
process info ,
↳ receive sensory input ,
and crucial role in determining
play a
responses to stimuli
appropriate
↑
- moter
these secrus carry
these neurs L signals from the as
ransmit sensory into to efector organs , which
respond to the signal
from
various
body organs ,
to CNS . ↳ include muscles grands,
originale in nearly and other organs
↳
every
organ and ↳ their axms
from the
in the CNS
terminate motor (efferent)
form the Fibers
↳ axous
sensory
(apparent) fibers
~ -
-
Parts of a heuren Soma : cell
body ,
aka
neurosuma/perikaryan ; neum's central
control centr that houses the nucleus- carries
branching extensions that
Dendrites : receive +
out essential cellular functions
cell body
7
transmit in
coming signalsinward
& hislock : Conical where the
- regin
axou
receptivel in pot region
·
↳
axon originates
-
Dendritic spines : theythat
protrusions
·
dendritic surface
initial
segment
: short ,
unmyelinated
on
SA and allow Our recing
--
LC
Il
secti
follows
of
the axon
the axen that
hillors
immediately
from
↑
integrating signals multiple
-
salres - terminal arborization : clea Secretary
regin ; contains terminal buttons that
↳Contam
chemically regulated zone store neurotransmitters in resides
in channels that respond
trigger ↳ NT released into
to neurotransmitters Synaptic space ,
the heur allowing for interneural
axon : the conducting region of , transmitting
communication
cell
body ; contems voltage-
were impulses
away Route
(needed to generate ATP)
gated in channels
, classify neurons
by structure
classified based on # of processes
* neurons are
extending from bodies
↓ ↓ ↓
most common in ENS, one dendrite single process that
has multiple dendrites and one axon divides into a
and a single axue pripheral process
↳ EX :
↳ Ex: Purkinje ↓
clikea dendrives
ofactory and a cental
cells in cerebellum retinal cells
X
oncess
pyramidal cells ↳ Ex : dorsal root
cerebral Cortex cents
in ganglion
1 .
Anaxonic heuren : rarenemos that lack an axon
4 Types of CNS glial cells
1
Oligon dendrocytes : form the myelin
sheam in the CNS : Patty
layer that insulates nerve finers (axms) + ↑ speed of signal
transmission
Nervous system is divided into 2 mainparts, the central Nervous
system
(CNS) and peripheral nervers system (PNS)
components
:
Brain : ack as command center,
processing inst
coordinating bodily
un I Spinal
- Functions
cord : a communication highway /signals blu brain-body) ,
controls some autonomic reflexes
Ganglia : the cell bodies of
·
Kruses
sensory neurons
·
Nerves bundles
:
of axous that transmit signals blu CNS and
the rest ofthe
body
↳ electrical cables in body , bundles were
of fibers
that are the axous of
many neurons
Control
System
CNS contains networks of neurns ,
and their cell bodies form
functional units (centers)
↳
responsible or
processing info-generating responses
↳ receive
signal though dendries, and send to other
neurons down axon
-
>
terminals
lower centers :
Spiral card , handle basic functions like
replexes
·
hiquer centers : brain , complex responses like thought,
emotiont movement
Afferent pathucy : incoming pathway , carries sensory into
From CNS
body's organs-1
from cutgomy Pathway
Efferent patucy : o a
caries
·
commands
↳ how brain controls muscle movement
, gland secretin
and changes in HR
, ·
sensory fibers : afferent filers , transmit into from periphery
to CNS
includes temp , pressive , light , panetc.
↳
motor Fibers : efferent filers , transmit motor commands from
ans-effector organs
↳
primarily to muscles/grands
*
Single Spinal here contains both sensory-motor ribers ,
travelling in
opposite directions
↳
Spinal nerves are mixed newves
ONS responsible for transmitting
division :
sensory part of
inpo
from various parts ofthe body to the
sensory
CNs I sensory afferent fibers)
motr division : ParacFPNs
responsible or out
carrying
motor commands Fran CNS- > expectororgans
(motor-efferent ribers)
PNS
↓
1
sensory Motur
↓ I
- T
somatic : Visceral :
somatic : visceral :
handles sensory transmits sensory controls skeletal lautonomic nervous
info from the info from internal muscles , allowing system) regulates
,
skin , Skeletal organs from thoracic fr
voluntary functions of involuntary
muscher
,
bunes, and abdominal movement organs , heart , smoom
andjoints carities - somatic reflexes muscle , +
glands
,
,
touch , pain hunger like knee-jerk sympathetic
- -
,
·
+
and
temp , thirst , and reflex
win from the
parasympathetic
proprioceptio &
systems each
having
jbody position)
internal organs ,
effects
opposing
, clusters of
Ganglia cell bodies in the PNS
:
neuron
Nuclei
·
:
aggregations of neuen cell bodies in as
Newes : bundles of axcs / nerve fibers in the PNS
tracts : bundles of axons within the SNS that share a common
origin , destination , and function
columns : truets within the cas Puniculus
groups of multiple -7
·
-
within the
Types of neurons &und exclusively CNs,
connect sensory + motor nervous.
process info ,
↳ receive sensory input ,
and crucial role in determining
play a
responses to stimuli
appropriate
↑
- moter
these secrus carry
these neurs L signals from the as
ransmit sensory into to efector organs , which
respond to the signal
from
various
body organs ,
to CNS . ↳ include muscles grands,
originale in nearly and other organs
↳
every
organ and ↳ their axms
from the
in the CNS
terminate motor (efferent)
form the Fibers
↳ axous
sensory
(apparent) fibers
~ -
-
Parts of a heuren Soma : cell
body ,
aka
neurosuma/perikaryan ; neum's central
control centr that houses the nucleus- carries
branching extensions that
Dendrites : receive +
out essential cellular functions
cell body
7
transmit in
coming signalsinward
& hislock : Conical where the
- regin
axou
receptivel in pot region
·
↳
axon originates
-
Dendritic spines : theythat
protrusions
·
dendritic surface
initial
segment
: short ,
unmyelinated
on
SA and allow Our recing
--
LC
Il
secti
follows
of
the axon
the axen that
hillors
immediately
from
↑
integrating signals multiple
-
salres - terminal arborization : clea Secretary
regin ; contains terminal buttons that
↳Contam
chemically regulated zone store neurotransmitters in resides
in channels that respond
trigger ↳ NT released into
to neurotransmitters Synaptic space ,
the heur allowing for interneural
axon : the conducting region of , transmitting
communication
cell
body ; contems voltage-
were impulses
away Route
(needed to generate ATP)
gated in channels
, classify neurons
by structure
classified based on # of processes
* neurons are
extending from bodies
↓ ↓ ↓
most common in ENS, one dendrite single process that
has multiple dendrites and one axon divides into a
and a single axue pripheral process
↳ EX :
↳ Ex: Purkinje ↓
clikea dendrives
ofactory and a cental
cells in cerebellum retinal cells
X
oncess
pyramidal cells ↳ Ex : dorsal root
cerebral Cortex cents
in ganglion
1 .
Anaxonic heuren : rarenemos that lack an axon
4 Types of CNS glial cells
1
Oligon dendrocytes : form the myelin
sheam in the CNS : Patty
layer that insulates nerve finers (axms) + ↑ speed of signal
transmission
