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Class notes

Anatomy and Physiology Part 3

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Bones, muscles, and athe muscoloskeeltal system

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Lec1)
muscle
weight is 40 % of total body mass +
performs vital tasks


piebwenergy thebloweta both


Functions of Muscle Tissue

1. movement : power our
physical actions
locomotion s running/walking
manipulating objects (grasping/pushing)
-




Bodily Functions
.
2 :

did in breathing, digestion (more food
around) ,
and in the heart
w/
pumping blood

3 ·

Communication :


-speech relies an muscles in laryea , tongue , drapragm +


-Racial
expressions (nonverbal cues) are driven
by muscles
4.
Posture :
Stability +


-maintain
upright position /balance
-muscle the : state of
partial
contraction ,
provides continues
stability to
joints also,
produces sune heat


5
Glucose homeostasis :
Energy Storage -
.




·
muscles
store gloose lenergy source of contractions)
regulates blood sugar levels
-




6 Heat extreme cold we shiver muscle to get hotter
generation in
- :


-contractions muscle one generate heat (helps maintain body temp)
7 .
Control of
Openings/passageways :


sphincters : ring shaped muscles control
openings curetual- bladder
-

, loss-heat
Energy :



ATP breakdown : muscles use ATP Per construction, and
by releasing
every to power movenge
↳ some disipates asheat + isn't used


Friction muscle contraction involves interactions you microscopic
:

Filaments , some dretsmooth+ friction occurs
process of Ap also heat
↳
recycling generates

↑ roperties of muscle tissue :




·
excitability : muscle cells are sensitive to stimuli From nearous
or chemical messages chomies
"defect + respond (like contracting


Contractivity : ability to shorten +
generate face when stimulated
↳ allows muscle to
pull on bone/structures to create movement


Extensibility : muscle tissue has different degree of
flexibility
·




- cam be streined/
vengthen wo tearing
↳
helps body adapt to many positions + moveners

·

Elasticity Once: stretched, tissue wants to return to its

original length
↳
helps we recvil after contraction + contributes to

smoom , coordinated movement

,Name of Muscle can Identify Appearance/ Action/Location

Appearance :
·
maximus:
largestin a group
·
minimus :
smallest in a group
·

medius : middle size
·


long Islender like
longus
:



longismuss : longest among related muscles in an area

Magnus "Large" biggest one in group
·
:
,

Brevis : short musche

Vastas : one wh significant size + volume
·
latismuss :
widest muscle
·



Major larger muscle within
: a fair
↳
opposite to minor



Fascicle/muscle piler orientations

Oblique Fibers
runy
· :



atan
angle
↳ twisting
/ rotational
movement *
crientation in abs
~

diagual 1




Rectus : Straight , parallel
to exis of
body
muscles ↓ ↑
long
↳ pulling/straightening movements
thigh muscles allow foo knee extension


Transverse/Transversus musclesin :




perpendicular to long line of body X
↳
compress/constrict a body part -
-in abdominal cavin to stabalize
The spine

, Skeletal museles :

muscle head : rounded bundles of muscle Fibers that
Erm
originate a
single attachment
point on bone (tendon)
↳
multiple strands twisted together at base


muscle betly : Pleshy ,
central part of muscle whereFibers
from the head converge
↳ most contractive Pace
prominent-generates
muscle insertion : attachment point at opposite end of musule,
where another tendon connects to a different bere
↳ When
belly contracts , his tenden is pulled = movement


Muscle scrapes :

Deltoid A :
riangular shape , shoulder car movement
of muscle
serratus /serrated) saw-toothed :
, saw-like edges
visible on back blu shoulder blades
Orbicularis/Circular) : circular
rings around
openings in body
·




Piriformis (pear shaped) :
deep buttock. muscle resembles a
pear,
·




involved in hip volation
↳ runs close to sciatic nerve

Trespezius (trapezoid) :
like quadrilateral el aslanted side ,


supports postive+ movement in shoulderblade /head
·

Pecrinale (Comb-like muscles ul parallel ridges resecuting
:



the teeth ofa comb

platys(flat flat/broad muscle , neck region
:
·




Gracilis (Slender) : long , this muscle

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Uploaded on
May 15, 2026
Number of pages
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Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Dr. castro
Contains
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