CSD Final Exam – comprehensive study guide and exam preparation material
Language Impairment - ANS ✔✔Children experiencing significant challenges in language
development relative to other children
Language Disability - ANS ✔✔Children's language difficulty posing significant negative impact
on daily functions and activities
Language-Learning Disability - ANS ✔✔Significant difficulties in oral language comprehension
and expression, literacy, mathematics and reasoning ability
Specific Language Disability - ANS ✔✔impact on learning a specific topic
Developmental Language Disorder - ANS ✔✔occurs when the person's rate or pattern of
acquisition of his/her native language leads to a limitation in the person's ability to meet social,
educational and/or occupational demands
Dialectal difference - ANS ✔✔All languages vary with time, place, and culture
Developmental Delay - ANS ✔✔may show up in some or all areas of development: social,
motor, cognitive, language, etc.
Rescorla - ANS ✔✔children with less than 50 words in their expressive vocabularies and no
word combinations by age 2
Receptive language - ANS ✔✔how things are received
Perceptual Problems - ANS ✔✔-misunderstanding sounds
,-difficulty with phonics in reading and spelling: discriminating, sequencing, blending sounds
-reversals of letters and numbers
-trouble recognizing words
Memory Difficulties - ANS ✔✔-chucking, remembering key information
-following oral directions
-learning by rote, e.g. alphabet, multiplication tables, phone number
-recalling words
-remembering how things look: shapes, street signs, animals
Comprehension Deficits - ANS ✔✔-synthesizing, generalizing information, making inferences,
going from concrete to abstract, reasoning, problem-solving, categorizing
-slowed processing time
-withdrawal when language level too high
-reduced receptive vocabulary
-poor sense of humor: literal in interpretation
Expressive language - ANS ✔✔How things are sent to be received
Word Usage - ANS ✔✔-knows word, but cannot select for spontaneous usage (word finding):
pauses, indefinite words, word substitutions, circumlocutions
-difficulty expressing ideas: ideas may seem disconnected or disjointed
-expressive vocabulary sparse or limited: lacks precision, detail
Syntax - ANS ✔✔-using grammatically incomplete sentences
-changing word order
-omitting "little" words, e.g. articles, other functor words
,-using incorrect verb tenses
Motor aspects - ANS ✔✔-limited movement, control of oral musculature, e.g. tongue and lips
-difficulty initiating/continuing tongue, lip movements
-difficulty articulating specific sounds
-poor printing/writing skills
late talkers - ANS ✔✔50 words or no 2-word utterances at 2 years
late bloomers - ANS ✔✔50% of late talkers, catch up by 3 years
Etiology - ANS ✔✔central nervous system dysfunction
Role of SLP in Language-Learning Disability - ANS ✔✔-assess individuals who may have a
language/learning disability to determine the presence of or absence of this type of disorder
-develop programs for individuals who have language, learning disorders or language based
learning disabilities
-deliver services to language/learning disordered individuals on a direct or indirect basis as
appropriate.
Modeling - ANS ✔✔"Look this girl is not sleeping"
"this dog is not barking"
Elicited Imitation - ANS ✔✔Clinician "He is eating dinner"
Child "He is eating dinner"
Expansion - ANS ✔✔Child "red car"
, Clinician "This is a red car"
Metalinguistics - ANS ✔✔the ability to reflect consciously on the nature and properties of
language and appreciate arbitrariness of form meaning mapping
-awareness of form, meaning and use
decoding - ANS ✔✔word recognition processes that transform print to word
comprehension - ANS ✔✔the process by which words, sentences, and discourse are interpreted
hard-of-hearing - ANS ✔✔preferred over 'hearing-impaired' and includes a continuum of varied
degrees of hearing loss
deaf - ANS ✔✔severe to profound hearing loss
Deaf - ANS ✔✔an adjective to describe a community bound by historical success and challenges
and a common language such as American/British Sign Language
Sign Language - ANS ✔✔manual language: gestures, postures, facial expressions
Sign Language - ANS ✔✔is not universal
modalities - ANS ✔✔Receive language through sensory channels or pathways which individuals
give, receive, and store information.
Children with Congenital Profound Deafness - ANS ✔✔children born with little usable hearing
Language Impairment - ANS ✔✔Children experiencing significant challenges in language
development relative to other children
Language Disability - ANS ✔✔Children's language difficulty posing significant negative impact
on daily functions and activities
Language-Learning Disability - ANS ✔✔Significant difficulties in oral language comprehension
and expression, literacy, mathematics and reasoning ability
Specific Language Disability - ANS ✔✔impact on learning a specific topic
Developmental Language Disorder - ANS ✔✔occurs when the person's rate or pattern of
acquisition of his/her native language leads to a limitation in the person's ability to meet social,
educational and/or occupational demands
Dialectal difference - ANS ✔✔All languages vary with time, place, and culture
Developmental Delay - ANS ✔✔may show up in some or all areas of development: social,
motor, cognitive, language, etc.
Rescorla - ANS ✔✔children with less than 50 words in their expressive vocabularies and no
word combinations by age 2
Receptive language - ANS ✔✔how things are received
Perceptual Problems - ANS ✔✔-misunderstanding sounds
,-difficulty with phonics in reading and spelling: discriminating, sequencing, blending sounds
-reversals of letters and numbers
-trouble recognizing words
Memory Difficulties - ANS ✔✔-chucking, remembering key information
-following oral directions
-learning by rote, e.g. alphabet, multiplication tables, phone number
-recalling words
-remembering how things look: shapes, street signs, animals
Comprehension Deficits - ANS ✔✔-synthesizing, generalizing information, making inferences,
going from concrete to abstract, reasoning, problem-solving, categorizing
-slowed processing time
-withdrawal when language level too high
-reduced receptive vocabulary
-poor sense of humor: literal in interpretation
Expressive language - ANS ✔✔How things are sent to be received
Word Usage - ANS ✔✔-knows word, but cannot select for spontaneous usage (word finding):
pauses, indefinite words, word substitutions, circumlocutions
-difficulty expressing ideas: ideas may seem disconnected or disjointed
-expressive vocabulary sparse or limited: lacks precision, detail
Syntax - ANS ✔✔-using grammatically incomplete sentences
-changing word order
-omitting "little" words, e.g. articles, other functor words
,-using incorrect verb tenses
Motor aspects - ANS ✔✔-limited movement, control of oral musculature, e.g. tongue and lips
-difficulty initiating/continuing tongue, lip movements
-difficulty articulating specific sounds
-poor printing/writing skills
late talkers - ANS ✔✔50 words or no 2-word utterances at 2 years
late bloomers - ANS ✔✔50% of late talkers, catch up by 3 years
Etiology - ANS ✔✔central nervous system dysfunction
Role of SLP in Language-Learning Disability - ANS ✔✔-assess individuals who may have a
language/learning disability to determine the presence of or absence of this type of disorder
-develop programs for individuals who have language, learning disorders or language based
learning disabilities
-deliver services to language/learning disordered individuals on a direct or indirect basis as
appropriate.
Modeling - ANS ✔✔"Look this girl is not sleeping"
"this dog is not barking"
Elicited Imitation - ANS ✔✔Clinician "He is eating dinner"
Child "He is eating dinner"
Expansion - ANS ✔✔Child "red car"
, Clinician "This is a red car"
Metalinguistics - ANS ✔✔the ability to reflect consciously on the nature and properties of
language and appreciate arbitrariness of form meaning mapping
-awareness of form, meaning and use
decoding - ANS ✔✔word recognition processes that transform print to word
comprehension - ANS ✔✔the process by which words, sentences, and discourse are interpreted
hard-of-hearing - ANS ✔✔preferred over 'hearing-impaired' and includes a continuum of varied
degrees of hearing loss
deaf - ANS ✔✔severe to profound hearing loss
Deaf - ANS ✔✔an adjective to describe a community bound by historical success and challenges
and a common language such as American/British Sign Language
Sign Language - ANS ✔✔manual language: gestures, postures, facial expressions
Sign Language - ANS ✔✔is not universal
modalities - ANS ✔✔Receive language through sensory channels or pathways which individuals
give, receive, and store information.
Children with Congenital Profound Deafness - ANS ✔✔children born with little usable hearing
