Renal and Urinary Nursing Practice
Exam With Correct Verified And Well
Analyzed Answers Graded A+ | 2026
Latest Update!!!
1. A nurse is assessing a patient with acute kidney injury. Which
finding is most concerning?
A. Urine output of 20 mL/hour B. Blood pressure of 118/72 mm Hg
C. Heart rate of 82 beats/minute D. Temperature of 98.6°F (37°C)
Answer: A. Urine output of 20 mL/hour
Rationale: Oliguria, defined as urine output less than 30 mL/hour, is a
common sign of acute kidney injury and may indicate decreased renal
perfusion or worsening kidney function. Prompt assessment and
intervention are necessary to prevent complications such as fluid
overload and electrolyte imbalance.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
renal failure?
A. Hypokalemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypercalcemia D.
Hypernatremia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Impaired kidney function decreases potassium excretion,
placing patients with renal failure at high risk for hyperkalemia.
,Elevated potassium levels can cause life-threatening cardiac
dysrhythmias and require close monitoring.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease asks why protein intake
may be limited. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “Protein increases urine production.” B. “Protein restriction
helps decrease waste buildup in the blood.” C. “Protein causes
dehydration.” D. “Protein damages the bladder.”
Answer: B. “Protein restriction helps decrease waste buildup in the
blood.”
Rationale: Protein metabolism produces nitrogenous wastes such as
urea. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are less able to eliminate
these wastes efficiently. Controlled protein intake can help reduce
uremic symptoms while maintaining adequate nutrition.
4. Which assessment finding is most consistent with nephrotic
syndrome?
A. Severe dehydration B. Generalized edema C. Bradycardia D.
Hyperactivity
Answer: B. Generalized edema
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome causes massive protein loss in the
urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema. Patients
may also experience hyperlipidemia and foamy urine.
5. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving hemodialysis. Which
assessment should be completed before treatment?
A. Measure weight and vital signs B. Encourage a large meal C.
Administer all antihypertensive medications D. Restrict access to
fluids only
, Answer: A. Measure weight and vital signs
Rationale: Pre-dialysis weight and vital signs provide important
information about fluid status and help determine how much fluid
should be removed during treatment.
6. Which patient is at highest risk for developing urinary tract
infections?
A. A healthy adolescent athlete B. A patient with an indwelling
urinary catheter C. A patient recovering from a sprained ankle D. A
patient with seasonal allergies
Answer: B. A patient with an indwelling urinary catheter
Rationale: Indwelling urinary catheters significantly increase the risk
of urinary tract infections by providing a pathway for microorganisms
to enter the urinary tract.
7. Which symptom is commonly associated with urinary tract
infection?
A. Dysuria B. Hemoptysis C. Chest pain D. Blurred vision
Answer: A. Dysuria
Rationale: Dysuria, or painful urination, is a common symptom of
urinary tract infection. Additional findings may include urinary
frequency, urgency, and cloudy urine.
8. A patient with renal calculi reports severe flank pain. Which
intervention should the nurse perform first?
A. Assess pain characteristics B. Restrict all oral fluids C.
Encourage strenuous activity D. Delay pain medication
administration
Answer: A. Assess pain characteristics
Exam With Correct Verified And Well
Analyzed Answers Graded A+ | 2026
Latest Update!!!
1. A nurse is assessing a patient with acute kidney injury. Which
finding is most concerning?
A. Urine output of 20 mL/hour B. Blood pressure of 118/72 mm Hg
C. Heart rate of 82 beats/minute D. Temperature of 98.6°F (37°C)
Answer: A. Urine output of 20 mL/hour
Rationale: Oliguria, defined as urine output less than 30 mL/hour, is a
common sign of acute kidney injury and may indicate decreased renal
perfusion or worsening kidney function. Prompt assessment and
intervention are necessary to prevent complications such as fluid
overload and electrolyte imbalance.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
renal failure?
A. Hypokalemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypercalcemia D.
Hypernatremia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Impaired kidney function decreases potassium excretion,
placing patients with renal failure at high risk for hyperkalemia.
,Elevated potassium levels can cause life-threatening cardiac
dysrhythmias and require close monitoring.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease asks why protein intake
may be limited. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “Protein increases urine production.” B. “Protein restriction
helps decrease waste buildup in the blood.” C. “Protein causes
dehydration.” D. “Protein damages the bladder.”
Answer: B. “Protein restriction helps decrease waste buildup in the
blood.”
Rationale: Protein metabolism produces nitrogenous wastes such as
urea. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are less able to eliminate
these wastes efficiently. Controlled protein intake can help reduce
uremic symptoms while maintaining adequate nutrition.
4. Which assessment finding is most consistent with nephrotic
syndrome?
A. Severe dehydration B. Generalized edema C. Bradycardia D.
Hyperactivity
Answer: B. Generalized edema
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome causes massive protein loss in the
urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema. Patients
may also experience hyperlipidemia and foamy urine.
5. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving hemodialysis. Which
assessment should be completed before treatment?
A. Measure weight and vital signs B. Encourage a large meal C.
Administer all antihypertensive medications D. Restrict access to
fluids only
, Answer: A. Measure weight and vital signs
Rationale: Pre-dialysis weight and vital signs provide important
information about fluid status and help determine how much fluid
should be removed during treatment.
6. Which patient is at highest risk for developing urinary tract
infections?
A. A healthy adolescent athlete B. A patient with an indwelling
urinary catheter C. A patient recovering from a sprained ankle D. A
patient with seasonal allergies
Answer: B. A patient with an indwelling urinary catheter
Rationale: Indwelling urinary catheters significantly increase the risk
of urinary tract infections by providing a pathway for microorganisms
to enter the urinary tract.
7. Which symptom is commonly associated with urinary tract
infection?
A. Dysuria B. Hemoptysis C. Chest pain D. Blurred vision
Answer: A. Dysuria
Rationale: Dysuria, or painful urination, is a common symptom of
urinary tract infection. Additional findings may include urinary
frequency, urgency, and cloudy urine.
8. A patient with renal calculi reports severe flank pain. Which
intervention should the nurse perform first?
A. Assess pain characteristics B. Restrict all oral fluids C.
Encourage strenuous activity D. Delay pain medication
administration
Answer: A. Assess pain characteristics
