NSG 100
EXAM 1
2026 Q&A
CONTAINS:
✓ NURS 100 Exam 1–level questions
✓ Fundamentals of Nursing concepts
✓ Nursing theories (e.g., Florence Nightingale)
✓ Nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning,
implementation, evaluation) Subjective vs. objective data
✓ Patient safety and fall prevention
✓ Infection control and sterile technique
✓ Medication administration principles (IM injections, Z-track,
sites)
✓ Ethical principles and patient rights
✓ Communication and therapeutic interviewing
✓ NCLEX-style multiple-choice questions with rationales
,A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the evolution of nursing theory and its
impact on current practice. The instructor asks the students to identify the theorist who introduced
the "Environmental Theory" which emphasized the importance of a clean environment, fresh air, and
proper sanitation in patient recovery. Which student response is correct?
A) Dorothea Orem
B) Virginia Henderson
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Martha Rogers
Correct Answer: C) Florence Nightingale
Explanation / Rationale:
Florence Nightingale is the correct theorist associated with the Environmental Theory. During the
Crimean War, she observed the correlation between unsanitary conditions and high mortality rates.
Her theory posits that the environment is a major factor in the patient's recovery; the nurse's role is to
manipulate the environment to facilitate healing (e.g., fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, and quiet).
Dorothea Orem is known for the Self-Care Deficit Theory, which focuses on the patient's ability to
perform self-care activities. Virginia Henderson defined nursing as assisting the individual to perform
activities contributing to health or recovery. Martha Rogers developed the Science of Unitary Human
Beings, focusing on the individual as an irreducible, indivisible, pandimensional energy field.
Therefore, Nightingale is the pioneer of environmental management in nursing.
A 45-year-old male patient is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with pneumonia. During the
admission assessment, the nurse collects both subjective and objective data. Which of the following
pieces of information documented by the nurse is considered subjective data?
A) The patient has a respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute.
B) The patient states, "I feel short of breath when I walk to the bathroom."
C) The patient has a temperature of 38.4°C (101.1°F).
D) The nurse observes crackles in the lower lobes upon auscultation.
Correct Answer: B) The patient states, "I feel short of breath when I walk to the bathroom."
, Explanation / Rationale:
Subjective data is what the patient tells you; it is information that can only be described or verified by
the patient. Symptoms such as pain, nausea, and "shortness of breath" (dyspnea) are subjective
because they are experienced and reported solely by the patient. In contrast, objective data is
measurable, observable, and verifiable by the nurse or another healthcare provider. Options A and C
(vital signs) and D (auscultation findings) are all objective data because they are physically measured
or detected through clinical examination. Distinguishing between subjective and objective data is
fundamental for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and planning.
The nurse is caring for an older adult patient who is at high risk for falls. When implementing fall
prevention strategies, which action is the priority?
A) Keeping the hospital bed in the lowest position.
B) Applying a vest restraint to prevent the patient from getting out of bed.
C) Placing a "Fall Risk" alert sticker on the patient's chart.
D) Instructing the family to stay with the patient 24 hours a day.
Correct Answer: A) Keeping the hospital bed in the lowest position.
Explanation / Rationale:
The priority action is to keep the hospital bed in the lowest position. This is a primary environmental
safety measure that reduces the risk of injury should a fall occur. While restraints were historically
used, current best practice and regulatory standards (e.g., from The Joint Commission) emphasize
restraint reduction because restraints can lead to physical and psychological harm, including pressure
injuries, decreased mobility, and agitation. Restraints are only used as a last resort when less
restrictive measures have failed. Placing a sticker on the chart is an administrative action that aids
communication but does not physically prevent a fall. Relying solely on family is not a guaranteed or
sustainable professional intervention. Therefore, adjusting the bed height is the most immediate and
effective priority intervention.
A nursing student is preparing to perform sterile wound care. Which action by the student indicates a
break in sterile technique?
A) The student pours sterile saline into the sterile field from a height of 6 inches.
B) The student holds the sterile package 6 inches above the sterile field when opening it.
C) The student turns their back to the sterile field to adjust the bed sheet.
EXAM 1
2026 Q&A
CONTAINS:
✓ NURS 100 Exam 1–level questions
✓ Fundamentals of Nursing concepts
✓ Nursing theories (e.g., Florence Nightingale)
✓ Nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning,
implementation, evaluation) Subjective vs. objective data
✓ Patient safety and fall prevention
✓ Infection control and sterile technique
✓ Medication administration principles (IM injections, Z-track,
sites)
✓ Ethical principles and patient rights
✓ Communication and therapeutic interviewing
✓ NCLEX-style multiple-choice questions with rationales
,A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the evolution of nursing theory and its
impact on current practice. The instructor asks the students to identify the theorist who introduced
the "Environmental Theory" which emphasized the importance of a clean environment, fresh air, and
proper sanitation in patient recovery. Which student response is correct?
A) Dorothea Orem
B) Virginia Henderson
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Martha Rogers
Correct Answer: C) Florence Nightingale
Explanation / Rationale:
Florence Nightingale is the correct theorist associated with the Environmental Theory. During the
Crimean War, she observed the correlation between unsanitary conditions and high mortality rates.
Her theory posits that the environment is a major factor in the patient's recovery; the nurse's role is to
manipulate the environment to facilitate healing (e.g., fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, and quiet).
Dorothea Orem is known for the Self-Care Deficit Theory, which focuses on the patient's ability to
perform self-care activities. Virginia Henderson defined nursing as assisting the individual to perform
activities contributing to health or recovery. Martha Rogers developed the Science of Unitary Human
Beings, focusing on the individual as an irreducible, indivisible, pandimensional energy field.
Therefore, Nightingale is the pioneer of environmental management in nursing.
A 45-year-old male patient is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with pneumonia. During the
admission assessment, the nurse collects both subjective and objective data. Which of the following
pieces of information documented by the nurse is considered subjective data?
A) The patient has a respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute.
B) The patient states, "I feel short of breath when I walk to the bathroom."
C) The patient has a temperature of 38.4°C (101.1°F).
D) The nurse observes crackles in the lower lobes upon auscultation.
Correct Answer: B) The patient states, "I feel short of breath when I walk to the bathroom."
, Explanation / Rationale:
Subjective data is what the patient tells you; it is information that can only be described or verified by
the patient. Symptoms such as pain, nausea, and "shortness of breath" (dyspnea) are subjective
because they are experienced and reported solely by the patient. In contrast, objective data is
measurable, observable, and verifiable by the nurse or another healthcare provider. Options A and C
(vital signs) and D (auscultation findings) are all objective data because they are physically measured
or detected through clinical examination. Distinguishing between subjective and objective data is
fundamental for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and planning.
The nurse is caring for an older adult patient who is at high risk for falls. When implementing fall
prevention strategies, which action is the priority?
A) Keeping the hospital bed in the lowest position.
B) Applying a vest restraint to prevent the patient from getting out of bed.
C) Placing a "Fall Risk" alert sticker on the patient's chart.
D) Instructing the family to stay with the patient 24 hours a day.
Correct Answer: A) Keeping the hospital bed in the lowest position.
Explanation / Rationale:
The priority action is to keep the hospital bed in the lowest position. This is a primary environmental
safety measure that reduces the risk of injury should a fall occur. While restraints were historically
used, current best practice and regulatory standards (e.g., from The Joint Commission) emphasize
restraint reduction because restraints can lead to physical and psychological harm, including pressure
injuries, decreased mobility, and agitation. Restraints are only used as a last resort when less
restrictive measures have failed. Placing a sticker on the chart is an administrative action that aids
communication but does not physically prevent a fall. Relying solely on family is not a guaranteed or
sustainable professional intervention. Therefore, adjusting the bed height is the most immediate and
effective priority intervention.
A nursing student is preparing to perform sterile wound care. Which action by the student indicates a
break in sterile technique?
A) The student pours sterile saline into the sterile field from a height of 6 inches.
B) The student holds the sterile package 6 inches above the sterile field when opening it.
C) The student turns their back to the sterile field to adjust the bed sheet.
