PHARMACOLOGY D441
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
Barbiturates MOA/ INDICATIONS - CORRECT ANSWER--Barbiturates are CNS depressants that
act on the brain stem in the area called 'reticular formation'.. they act by reducing the nerve
impulses traveling to the cerebral Cortex
-can also help to treat seizures because it inhibits the GABA neurotransmitters in the CNS
INDICATIONS:
-Sedation/ hypnotic
-*the use of these are no longer used for sleep induction*
-ultrashort acting: used for anesthesia for short surgery
-short acting:sedation, seizures
Barbiturates
Contraindications, Adverse Effects - CORRECT ANSWER-Contraindications:
-drug allergy
,-pregnancy
-significant respiratory issues
-severe kidney/ liver disease
Adverse Effects:
-related to the CNS: lethargy, dizziness, hangover, paradoxical restlessness/anxiety
-these drugs prevent people from REM sleep—> leading to agitation
-when this drug is stopped, rebound phenomenon can happen lead to increased nightmares
-increased falls in older adults
Barbiturates:
Drug Interactions - CORRECT ANSWER--increases drug metabolism which can cause toxicity
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
And Phenobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER-Pre-Op sedative
CNS Depressants
Side effects
Nurse considerations - CORRECT ANSWER-S/S:
-sedation
-amnesia
-*RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION*
Adverse Effects:
-headache
-drowsiness
,-dizziness, lethargy
-vertigo (balance related)
-significant fall hazard in older adults
Toxicity: confusion, somnolence, coma
Contraindications:
-pts with acute Narrow angle glaucoma should not take it (increase intraocular pressure)
-don't combine with other CNS depressants
-Rifampin (decreases its effects)
-no grapefruit (increase serum concentration of the med)
-herbs that inhibit CYP3a4 (Kava, valerian)
-don't consume with alcohol (alcohol is a depressant and can increase effects)
-don't combine with opioids (morphine)
-don't combine with other muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine)
Nurse considerations:
-Do not discontinue abruptly (can cause rebound insomnia)
-supposed to be short term use
ANTIDOTE: flumazenil (short acting so will require multiple doses)
Centrally Acting Muscle relaxants
DRUG TYPES/MOA - CORRECT ANSWER-DRUG Types:
-baclofen (lioresal) centrally acting (CNS)
, -cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) centrally acting
-Carisoprodol (popular when combined with a benzo and opioid its called the "Holy Trinity'"--
which produces a heroin like effect)**
Uses: Spasticity
Contraindications:
-use of all muscle relaxants in pts who have shown a hypersensitivity reaction to them or have a
compromised pulmonary function, active liver (hepatic) disease, or impaired myocardial (heart)
function
Baclofen (Lioresal)
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT - CORRECT ANSWER-Indication:
-used to treat chronic spastic muscular conditions
ROUTE: PO, titrated
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT - CORRECT ANSWER-Indication:
-commonly used to reduce spasms after musculoskeletal injuries
-common for patients to have marked sedation from its use
ROUTE: PO
Nursing Process before admin of:
-CNS depressants (-pine)
-muscle relaxants
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
Barbiturates MOA/ INDICATIONS - CORRECT ANSWER--Barbiturates are CNS depressants that
act on the brain stem in the area called 'reticular formation'.. they act by reducing the nerve
impulses traveling to the cerebral Cortex
-can also help to treat seizures because it inhibits the GABA neurotransmitters in the CNS
INDICATIONS:
-Sedation/ hypnotic
-*the use of these are no longer used for sleep induction*
-ultrashort acting: used for anesthesia for short surgery
-short acting:sedation, seizures
Barbiturates
Contraindications, Adverse Effects - CORRECT ANSWER-Contraindications:
-drug allergy
,-pregnancy
-significant respiratory issues
-severe kidney/ liver disease
Adverse Effects:
-related to the CNS: lethargy, dizziness, hangover, paradoxical restlessness/anxiety
-these drugs prevent people from REM sleep—> leading to agitation
-when this drug is stopped, rebound phenomenon can happen lead to increased nightmares
-increased falls in older adults
Barbiturates:
Drug Interactions - CORRECT ANSWER--increases drug metabolism which can cause toxicity
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
And Phenobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER-Pre-Op sedative
CNS Depressants
Side effects
Nurse considerations - CORRECT ANSWER-S/S:
-sedation
-amnesia
-*RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION*
Adverse Effects:
-headache
-drowsiness
,-dizziness, lethargy
-vertigo (balance related)
-significant fall hazard in older adults
Toxicity: confusion, somnolence, coma
Contraindications:
-pts with acute Narrow angle glaucoma should not take it (increase intraocular pressure)
-don't combine with other CNS depressants
-Rifampin (decreases its effects)
-no grapefruit (increase serum concentration of the med)
-herbs that inhibit CYP3a4 (Kava, valerian)
-don't consume with alcohol (alcohol is a depressant and can increase effects)
-don't combine with opioids (morphine)
-don't combine with other muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine)
Nurse considerations:
-Do not discontinue abruptly (can cause rebound insomnia)
-supposed to be short term use
ANTIDOTE: flumazenil (short acting so will require multiple doses)
Centrally Acting Muscle relaxants
DRUG TYPES/MOA - CORRECT ANSWER-DRUG Types:
-baclofen (lioresal) centrally acting (CNS)
, -cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) centrally acting
-Carisoprodol (popular when combined with a benzo and opioid its called the "Holy Trinity'"--
which produces a heroin like effect)**
Uses: Spasticity
Contraindications:
-use of all muscle relaxants in pts who have shown a hypersensitivity reaction to them or have a
compromised pulmonary function, active liver (hepatic) disease, or impaired myocardial (heart)
function
Baclofen (Lioresal)
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT - CORRECT ANSWER-Indication:
-used to treat chronic spastic muscular conditions
ROUTE: PO, titrated
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT - CORRECT ANSWER-Indication:
-commonly used to reduce spasms after musculoskeletal injuries
-common for patients to have marked sedation from its use
ROUTE: PO
Nursing Process before admin of:
-CNS depressants (-pine)
-muscle relaxants
