Module 3:PSYC 140:Module 3 Exam Review: Questions & Answers: Updated Solution

Describe the five infant reflexes discussed in this module. Rooting involves the baby turning her head when her cheek or mouth is touched. The Moro reflex is a startle response in which the infant arches his back and throws out his arms and legs. The grasping reflex involves the infant grabbing something that touches her palm. The stepping reflex involves the infant making stepping motions when held above a surface. Babinski is when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back toward the top of the foot and the other toes fan out. Describe the two primary sleep states for infants. nREM is when the baby is nearly motionless, and REM sleep is characterized by uneven breathing. REM sleep makes up roughly half of an infant’s daily sleep pattern. Describe the “5 S’s” of infant soothing. Why might they help an infant settle down? Swaddling, Swinging, Shushing, Sucking, Side position These provide touch that releases endorphins, provide calming “white noise,” and mimic the motion the baby experienced in the womb. They also minimize overstimulation the baby might be experiencing. Why might it be important for parents to understand how infants sleep and cry? Knowledge of typical patterns of sleeping and crying can help parents understand their own emotions and minimize frustration at a crying baby to avoid instances of shaken baby syndrome.Describe the cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns of physical development. Cephalocaudal growth starts at the head and works toward the limbs and other body parts. Proximodistal growth starts at the trunk and works toward the limbs. If you did not do it earlier, now is the time to define Piaget’s terms using your own words. Then, summarize each substage of the Sensorimotor stage. A schema is a mental framework used to organize and understand experiences. Assimilation occurs when new information is interpreted using existing schemas. Accommodation occurs when schemas are changed to incorporate new information.