NR293 Exam 1 Actual Exam Style V1 | NR
293 Pharmacology for Nursing Practice |
Chamberlain
1. A nurse is reviewing the pharmacokinetic phase of metabolism. Which organ is primarily
responsible for the metabolism of most drugs?
A. The liver
B. The kidneys
C. The lungs
D. The stomach
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The liver is the primary site for drug metabolism in the human body.
Enzymes within the liver transform drug molecules into metabolites that can be more
easily excreted. If a patient has liver disease, the metabolism of drugs may be slowed,
leading to potential toxicity.
2. When administering a medication orally, the nurse understands that the drug must pass
through the liver before reaching systemic circulation. What is this phenomenon called?
A. Selective toxicity
B. Bioavailability
C. Drug-drug interaction
,D. First-pass effect
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the liver
before it reaches the systemic circulation. This process significantly reduces the amount of
active drug available to the body. Medications given intravenously bypass this effect,
providing 100% bioavailability.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is receiving a medication that is primarily excreted by
the kidneys. What should the nurse monitor most closely?
A. Liver enzyme levels
B. Signs of drug toxicity
C. Increased appetite
D. Visual acuity
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: When renal function is impaired, the body cannot effectively excrete
drugs, which leads to accumulation. This accumulation increases the risk of drug toxicity in
the patient. Nurses must monitor laboratory values like serum creatinine and BUN to
assess kidney health.
4. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a patient with low albumin levels.
What is the risk associated with highly protein-bound drugs in this patient?
A. There will be more free, active drug in the blood
, B. The drug will be excreted faster
C. The drug will be less effective
D. The drug will not be absorbed in the stomach
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Highly protein-bound drugs compete for binding sites on albumin
molecules. If albumin levels are low, there are fewer binding sites, leaving more free drug
circulating in the bloodstream. This increased amount of free drug can lead to an
intensified drug response or toxicity.
5. Which of the following describes the time required for the concentration of a drug in the
body to decrease by 50%?
A. Peak level
B. Onset of action
C. Half-life
D. Duration of action
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for one-half of the drug to be
eliminated from the body. This value helps determine the dosing schedule required to
maintain therapeutic levels. After approximately five half-lives, most drugs are considered
to be effectively removed from the system.
293 Pharmacology for Nursing Practice |
Chamberlain
1. A nurse is reviewing the pharmacokinetic phase of metabolism. Which organ is primarily
responsible for the metabolism of most drugs?
A. The liver
B. The kidneys
C. The lungs
D. The stomach
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The liver is the primary site for drug metabolism in the human body.
Enzymes within the liver transform drug molecules into metabolites that can be more
easily excreted. If a patient has liver disease, the metabolism of drugs may be slowed,
leading to potential toxicity.
2. When administering a medication orally, the nurse understands that the drug must pass
through the liver before reaching systemic circulation. What is this phenomenon called?
A. Selective toxicity
B. Bioavailability
C. Drug-drug interaction
,D. First-pass effect
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the liver
before it reaches the systemic circulation. This process significantly reduces the amount of
active drug available to the body. Medications given intravenously bypass this effect,
providing 100% bioavailability.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is receiving a medication that is primarily excreted by
the kidneys. What should the nurse monitor most closely?
A. Liver enzyme levels
B. Signs of drug toxicity
C. Increased appetite
D. Visual acuity
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: When renal function is impaired, the body cannot effectively excrete
drugs, which leads to accumulation. This accumulation increases the risk of drug toxicity in
the patient. Nurses must monitor laboratory values like serum creatinine and BUN to
assess kidney health.
4. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a patient with low albumin levels.
What is the risk associated with highly protein-bound drugs in this patient?
A. There will be more free, active drug in the blood
, B. The drug will be excreted faster
C. The drug will be less effective
D. The drug will not be absorbed in the stomach
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Highly protein-bound drugs compete for binding sites on albumin
molecules. If albumin levels are low, there are fewer binding sites, leaving more free drug
circulating in the bloodstream. This increased amount of free drug can lead to an
intensified drug response or toxicity.
5. Which of the following describes the time required for the concentration of a drug in the
body to decrease by 50%?
A. Peak level
B. Onset of action
C. Half-life
D. Duration of action
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for one-half of the drug to be
eliminated from the body. This value helps determine the dosing schedule required to
maintain therapeutic levels. After approximately five half-lives, most drugs are considered
to be effectively removed from the system.
