N212 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
STUDY GUIDE 2026| Eastwick College |
100% Correct Certification
Cardiovascular & Hemodynamics
1. Which of the following is best described as an ischemic heart disease?
a. Endocarditis
b. Angina pectoris
c. Mitral valve stenosis
d. Ventricular fibrillation
Rationale: Angina pectoris is caused by reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium,
classifying it as an ischemic heart disease. The other options are infectious,
valvular, or electrical issues .
2. Jamie is in a car accident and lost a great deal of blood, which led to shock.
Which classification of shock best describes Jamie's condition?
a. Distributive shock
b. Cardiogenic shock
c. Hypovolemic shock
d. Obstructive shock
Rationale: Significant blood loss reduces intravascular volume. Distributive
involves vasodilation (e.g., sepsis/anaphylaxis), while cardiogenic involves pump
failure .
3. The type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting lipids from the periphery
back to the liver is best described as:
,a. Chylomicrons
b. Very-Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)
c. Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)
d. High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
Rationale: HDL is responsible for "reverse cholesterol transport," moving lipids
from the periphery back to the liver for excretion .
4. Weakening of a blood vessel wall involving all three layers, forming a
spindle-shaped aneurysm, is best described as a(n):
a. Fusiform aneurysm
b. Saccular aneurysm
c. Abdominal aneurysm
d. Ruptured aneurysm
Rationale: A fusiform aneurysm is spindle-shaped and involves all three layers
(intima, media, adventitia) of the vessel wall .
5. Vascular disease caused by intense vasospasm of arteries/arterioles in the
fingers, often precipitated by cold exposure, is best described as:
a. Vasculitis
b. Peripheral vascular disease
c. Thromboangiitis obliterans
d. Raynaud phenomenon
Rationale: Raynaud phenomenon is characterized by intense vasospasm triggered
by cold or stress .
6. Which cardiac drug reduces heart contractility and heart rate to re-balance
"supply and demand"?
a. Nitroglycerine
b. Calcium channel blockers
c. Beta-adrenergic antagonists
d. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and contractility, reducing
myocardial oxygen demand. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator .
7. Buck is allergic to peanuts and goes into shock after consuming cookies
containing peanuts. Which type of shock is this?
, a. Distributive shock
b. Cardiogenic shock
c. Hypovolemic shock
d. Obstructive shock
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is a form of distributive shock caused by severe
vasodilation and increased capillary permeability .
8. Which term reflects the difference between end diastolic volume (EDV) and
end systolic volume (ESV)?
a. Cardiac output (CO)
b. Stroke volume (SV)
c. Ejection fraction (EF)
d. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Rationale: SV = EDV – ESV. Cardiac Output is SV × HR .
9. Bart has an embolized thrombus blocking a coronary artery. This sudden
blockage is best described as:
a. Coronary Artery Disease
b. Acute Coronary Syndrome
c. Angina
d. Heart Failure
Rationale: Sudden blockage of a coronary artery (e.g., by thrombus) characterizes
Acute Coronary Syndrome .
10. Brian has abnormal thickening of his heart muscle related to genetic
mutations. This cardiomyopathy is best classified as:
a. Dilated cardiomyopathy
b. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
c. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
d. Unclassified cardiomyopathy
Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves abnormal thickening
(hypertrophy) of the heart muscle, often genetic .
11. Betty has congenital narrowing of the valve between her right ventricle and
pulmonary circuit. This is:
a. Pulmonic stenosis
STUDY GUIDE 2026| Eastwick College |
100% Correct Certification
Cardiovascular & Hemodynamics
1. Which of the following is best described as an ischemic heart disease?
a. Endocarditis
b. Angina pectoris
c. Mitral valve stenosis
d. Ventricular fibrillation
Rationale: Angina pectoris is caused by reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium,
classifying it as an ischemic heart disease. The other options are infectious,
valvular, or electrical issues .
2. Jamie is in a car accident and lost a great deal of blood, which led to shock.
Which classification of shock best describes Jamie's condition?
a. Distributive shock
b. Cardiogenic shock
c. Hypovolemic shock
d. Obstructive shock
Rationale: Significant blood loss reduces intravascular volume. Distributive
involves vasodilation (e.g., sepsis/anaphylaxis), while cardiogenic involves pump
failure .
3. The type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting lipids from the periphery
back to the liver is best described as:
,a. Chylomicrons
b. Very-Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)
c. Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)
d. High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
Rationale: HDL is responsible for "reverse cholesterol transport," moving lipids
from the periphery back to the liver for excretion .
4. Weakening of a blood vessel wall involving all three layers, forming a
spindle-shaped aneurysm, is best described as a(n):
a. Fusiform aneurysm
b. Saccular aneurysm
c. Abdominal aneurysm
d. Ruptured aneurysm
Rationale: A fusiform aneurysm is spindle-shaped and involves all three layers
(intima, media, adventitia) of the vessel wall .
5. Vascular disease caused by intense vasospasm of arteries/arterioles in the
fingers, often precipitated by cold exposure, is best described as:
a. Vasculitis
b. Peripheral vascular disease
c. Thromboangiitis obliterans
d. Raynaud phenomenon
Rationale: Raynaud phenomenon is characterized by intense vasospasm triggered
by cold or stress .
6. Which cardiac drug reduces heart contractility and heart rate to re-balance
"supply and demand"?
a. Nitroglycerine
b. Calcium channel blockers
c. Beta-adrenergic antagonists
d. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and contractility, reducing
myocardial oxygen demand. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator .
7. Buck is allergic to peanuts and goes into shock after consuming cookies
containing peanuts. Which type of shock is this?
, a. Distributive shock
b. Cardiogenic shock
c. Hypovolemic shock
d. Obstructive shock
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is a form of distributive shock caused by severe
vasodilation and increased capillary permeability .
8. Which term reflects the difference between end diastolic volume (EDV) and
end systolic volume (ESV)?
a. Cardiac output (CO)
b. Stroke volume (SV)
c. Ejection fraction (EF)
d. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Rationale: SV = EDV – ESV. Cardiac Output is SV × HR .
9. Bart has an embolized thrombus blocking a coronary artery. This sudden
blockage is best described as:
a. Coronary Artery Disease
b. Acute Coronary Syndrome
c. Angina
d. Heart Failure
Rationale: Sudden blockage of a coronary artery (e.g., by thrombus) characterizes
Acute Coronary Syndrome .
10. Brian has abnormal thickening of his heart muscle related to genetic
mutations. This cardiomyopathy is best classified as:
a. Dilated cardiomyopathy
b. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
c. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
d. Unclassified cardiomyopathy
Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves abnormal thickening
(hypertrophy) of the heart muscle, often genetic .
11. Betty has congenital narrowing of the valve between her right ventricle and
pulmonary circuit. This is:
a. Pulmonic stenosis
