PORTAGE LEARNING BIOD 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 1
Define pathophysiology - ANSWER changes that occur with disease across cells and/or
organs and the effects these changes have on total body function
Expand on disease etiology - ANSWER Disease etiology can be one or multiple factors
leading to disease and can effect one or multiple organ systems. Most etiologies are idio-
pathic and/or nonspecific in nature.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example - ANSWER 1. physical force (burns)
2. chemical agents (poison)
3. bioloigcal agents (bacteria)
4. genetic predisposition
5. nutritional excesses/deficiencies
What are 2 types of risk factors? - ANSWER congenital (hereditary and environmental)
and acquired (injury, exposure, diet, habits, etc)
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - ANSWER Morphology is the
structure of cells and tissues. Histology is the study of cells.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and given an example of each - AN-
SWER A sign is an objective manifestation (fever, edema) whereas a symptom is a subjec-
tive complaint (dizziness, pain, difficulty breathing)
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - ANSWER 1. patient his-
tory
2. physical examiniation
1
, 3. diagnostic testing
Define epidemiology and some things that it tracks - ANSWER The study of disease occur-
rence in human populations. For example, they may track age, race, nutritional habits, life-
style, and/or geographic location
Incidence - ANSWER the number of new cases in a population at risk during a specified
time
Prevalence - ANSWER number of people with the disease in a population at a given time
Validity - ANSWER how a tool measures what it is intended to measure
Reliabilty - ANSWER likelihood of the same result occuring with repeated testing
Sensitivity - ANSWER proportion of people with a disease who test positive for that dis-
ease
Specificity - ANSWER people without tthe disease who test negative for that disease
Mortality - ANSWER Cause of death in a population; death rate
Morbidity - ANSWER effect of an illness on one's life
Primary Prevention - ANSWER Attempts to eliminate risk factors in order to prevent dis-
ease from occurring (ex: taking a multivitamin to prevent nutritional deficiencies)
Secondary Prevention - ANSWER early detection and treatment, the disease is asympto-
matic and curable (ex: going to the doctor for an annual pap smear)
2
Define pathophysiology - ANSWER changes that occur with disease across cells and/or
organs and the effects these changes have on total body function
Expand on disease etiology - ANSWER Disease etiology can be one or multiple factors
leading to disease and can effect one or multiple organ systems. Most etiologies are idio-
pathic and/or nonspecific in nature.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example - ANSWER 1. physical force (burns)
2. chemical agents (poison)
3. bioloigcal agents (bacteria)
4. genetic predisposition
5. nutritional excesses/deficiencies
What are 2 types of risk factors? - ANSWER congenital (hereditary and environmental)
and acquired (injury, exposure, diet, habits, etc)
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - ANSWER Morphology is the
structure of cells and tissues. Histology is the study of cells.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and given an example of each - AN-
SWER A sign is an objective manifestation (fever, edema) whereas a symptom is a subjec-
tive complaint (dizziness, pain, difficulty breathing)
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - ANSWER 1. patient his-
tory
2. physical examiniation
1
, 3. diagnostic testing
Define epidemiology and some things that it tracks - ANSWER The study of disease occur-
rence in human populations. For example, they may track age, race, nutritional habits, life-
style, and/or geographic location
Incidence - ANSWER the number of new cases in a population at risk during a specified
time
Prevalence - ANSWER number of people with the disease in a population at a given time
Validity - ANSWER how a tool measures what it is intended to measure
Reliabilty - ANSWER likelihood of the same result occuring with repeated testing
Sensitivity - ANSWER proportion of people with a disease who test positive for that dis-
ease
Specificity - ANSWER people without tthe disease who test negative for that disease
Mortality - ANSWER Cause of death in a population; death rate
Morbidity - ANSWER effect of an illness on one's life
Primary Prevention - ANSWER Attempts to eliminate risk factors in order to prevent dis-
ease from occurring (ex: taking a multivitamin to prevent nutritional deficiencies)
Secondary Prevention - ANSWER early detection and treatment, the disease is asympto-
matic and curable (ex: going to the doctor for an annual pap smear)
2
