What is the function of blood? - ANSWER Transport materials to and from the body's
cells.
What is vitamin K needed to synthesize? - ANSWER Factors II, VII, IX, and X, prothrombin,
and protein C
What are the three stages of hemostasis? - ANSWER Vascular constriction, platelet plug
formation, blood coagulation
Discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. - ANSWER The intrinsic and extrinsic path-
ways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with activation of factor
XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the slower process. The extrinsic
pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins with the release of tissue thromboplas-
tin from the subendothelial cells. Both pathways converge to activate factor X, the conver-
sion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the material
needed to stabilize a clot. Both methods are needed for successful hemostasis.
What are the natural and drug therapy anticoagulants? - ANSWER Antithrombin III, pro-
tein C, protein S, warfarin, heparin, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
What is peripheral vascular resistance? - ANSWER The collective resistance of all the ves-
sels in the peripheral circulation
Hemodynamics or blood flow is affected by what factors? - ANSWER Pressure, resistance,
flow, radius, blood viscosity, compliance, wall tension
What is cardiac output? - ANSWER stroke volume x heart rate
1
cells.
What is vitamin K needed to synthesize? - ANSWER Factors II, VII, IX, and X, prothrombin,
and protein C
What are the three stages of hemostasis? - ANSWER Vascular constriction, platelet plug
formation, blood coagulation
Discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. - ANSWER The intrinsic and extrinsic path-
ways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with activation of factor
XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the slower process. The extrinsic
pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins with the release of tissue thromboplas-
tin from the subendothelial cells. Both pathways converge to activate factor X, the conver-
sion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the material
needed to stabilize a clot. Both methods are needed for successful hemostasis.
What are the natural and drug therapy anticoagulants? - ANSWER Antithrombin III, pro-
tein C, protein S, warfarin, heparin, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
What is peripheral vascular resistance? - ANSWER The collective resistance of all the ves-
sels in the peripheral circulation
Hemodynamics or blood flow is affected by what factors? - ANSWER Pressure, resistance,
flow, radius, blood viscosity, compliance, wall tension
What is cardiac output? - ANSWER stroke volume x heart rate
1
