BIO 1201 EXAM 2 LICATA STUDY GUIDE
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTION SET
WITH ANSWERS
◉ Before the citric acid cycle can begin.
Answer: pyruvate must be converted to acetyl CoA
◉ What does the citric acid cycle produce?.
Answer: NADH and FADH2 and CO2
◉ what happens to the mass in citric acid cycle.
Answer: glucose mass is small near bottom of cycle
◉ what do NADH and FADH2 do.
Answer: donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which
powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation
◉ Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
Answer: A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane
proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that
release energy used to make ATP.
, ◉ what happens to electrons at the end of the ETC.
Answer: The electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen to make
water.
◉ what does the passing of electrons in oxidative phosphorylation
do.
Answer: causes H+ gradient pumped out mitochondrion
◉ Chemiosmosis.
Answer: A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an
electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
◉ ATP synthase.
Answer: The enzyme that make ATP from ADP and inorganic
phosphate.
◉ how much energy is made in cellular respiration.
Answer: 32-38 ATP
◉ Two types of fermentation.
Answer: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
◉ Fermentation.
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTION SET
WITH ANSWERS
◉ Before the citric acid cycle can begin.
Answer: pyruvate must be converted to acetyl CoA
◉ What does the citric acid cycle produce?.
Answer: NADH and FADH2 and CO2
◉ what happens to the mass in citric acid cycle.
Answer: glucose mass is small near bottom of cycle
◉ what do NADH and FADH2 do.
Answer: donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which
powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation
◉ Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
Answer: A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane
proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that
release energy used to make ATP.
, ◉ what happens to electrons at the end of the ETC.
Answer: The electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen to make
water.
◉ what does the passing of electrons in oxidative phosphorylation
do.
Answer: causes H+ gradient pumped out mitochondrion
◉ Chemiosmosis.
Answer: A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an
electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
◉ ATP synthase.
Answer: The enzyme that make ATP from ADP and inorganic
phosphate.
◉ how much energy is made in cellular respiration.
Answer: 32-38 ATP
◉ Two types of fermentation.
Answer: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
◉ Fermentation.
