BIO 1201 EXAM 2 LICATA REVIEW PACK
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS
◉ what are the components of the cytoskeleton?
Answer: -microtubules
-microfilaments
-intermediate filaments
◉ what is the cytoskeleton?
Answer: -network of protein fibers extending through the cytoplasm
◉ what are the purposes of the cytoskeleton?
Answer: -shape
-support
-transport/guide
◉ what are microtubules?
Answer: thickest fibers; made of both alpha and beta tubules
◉ what are microfilaments?
,Answer: -thinnest fibers
-made of actin
-A.K.A. actin filaments
-double helix structure
◉ what are intermediate filaments
Answer: intermediate sized filaments, made of a variety of proteins
◉ how does the cytoskeleton transport things?
Answer: -like a monorail: motor proteins move things around on the
filaments
◉ where do microtubules grow from?
Answer: centrosome, near the nucleus
◉ what is a centrosome?
Answer: -microtubule organizing center
-in animal cells, has a pair of centrioles
◉ what is a centriole?
Answer: a triplet of microtubules arranged in a ring
, ◉ what do microtubules control?
Answer: beating of cilia and flagella (locomotor appendages of some
cells)
◉ describe the beating patterns of cilia and flagella
Answer: -flagella: more snake-like
-cilia: like an arm swimming
◉ describe the common structures of cilia and flagella
Answer: -core of microtubules sheathed by plasma membrane
-basal body to anchor it
-motor protein called dyne (drives the bending movements)
◉ what do microfilaments that function in cellular motility use in
addition to actin?
Answer: myosin
◉ in muscle cells, what do thicker filaments composed of myosin do?
Answer: interdigitate (interlock) with inner actin fibers
◉ how do actin and myosin drive ameboid movement?
Answer: pseudopodia - cellular extensions
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS
◉ what are the components of the cytoskeleton?
Answer: -microtubules
-microfilaments
-intermediate filaments
◉ what is the cytoskeleton?
Answer: -network of protein fibers extending through the cytoplasm
◉ what are the purposes of the cytoskeleton?
Answer: -shape
-support
-transport/guide
◉ what are microtubules?
Answer: thickest fibers; made of both alpha and beta tubules
◉ what are microfilaments?
,Answer: -thinnest fibers
-made of actin
-A.K.A. actin filaments
-double helix structure
◉ what are intermediate filaments
Answer: intermediate sized filaments, made of a variety of proteins
◉ how does the cytoskeleton transport things?
Answer: -like a monorail: motor proteins move things around on the
filaments
◉ where do microtubules grow from?
Answer: centrosome, near the nucleus
◉ what is a centrosome?
Answer: -microtubule organizing center
-in animal cells, has a pair of centrioles
◉ what is a centriole?
Answer: a triplet of microtubules arranged in a ring
, ◉ what do microtubules control?
Answer: beating of cilia and flagella (locomotor appendages of some
cells)
◉ describe the beating patterns of cilia and flagella
Answer: -flagella: more snake-like
-cilia: like an arm swimming
◉ describe the common structures of cilia and flagella
Answer: -core of microtubules sheathed by plasma membrane
-basal body to anchor it
-motor protein called dyne (drives the bending movements)
◉ what do microfilaments that function in cellular motility use in
addition to actin?
Answer: myosin
◉ in muscle cells, what do thicker filaments composed of myosin do?
Answer: interdigitate (interlock) with inner actin fibers
◉ how do actin and myosin drive ameboid movement?
Answer: pseudopodia - cellular extensions
