BIO 1201 EXAM 2 LICATA ACTUAL PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ disulfide bridges.
Answer: tertiary structure, formed when amino acids with
sulfhydryl groups on side chains are brought together by folding of
protein
◉ what bonds make up most of protein folding.
Answer: non covalent
◉ collagen is.
Answer: quaternary
◉ xray crystallography.
Answer: an important method used to determine a protein's three-
dimensional structure
◉ A nucleotide consists of.
Answer: sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
,◉ Nucleotide numbering system.
Answer: 5 to 3
◉ DNA and RNA differences.
Answer: DNA sugar is deoxyribose sugar, RNA sugar is ribose.
DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single strand
DNA can NOT leave the nucleus, RNA can
Uracil replaces thymine in RNA
◉ what hold nucleotides together.
Answer: hydrogen bonds
◉ 2 ways of studying cells.
Answer: microscopy and fractionation
◉ basic features of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Answer: plasma membrane, cytosol, chromsomes, ribosomes
◉ 2 differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Answer: prokaryotes have no nucleus and no membrane bound
organelles
,◉ cell wall and vacuole functions (plant).
Answer: cell wall supports shape and vacuole can act as air pocket
◉ How is the shape of the nucleus maintained?.
Answer: by the nuclear lamina, which is composed of protein
◉ nuclear membrane is a.
Answer: lipid bilayer
◉ what makes up nuclear envelope.
Answer: outer, lamina, inner, pores
◉ chromatin.
Answer: DNA and associated proteins
◉ chromosome.
Answer: condensed chromatin
◉ where is synthesis of rRNA.
Answer: nucleolus
, ◉ what carries out protein synthesis.
Answer: ribosomes
◉ what is continuous with nuclear membrane.
Answer: ER
◉ smooth vs rough ER.
Answer: smooth: synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poison,
stores calcium, metabolizes carbohydrates
rough: has ribosomes, makes glycoproteins, distributes transport
vesicles, membrane factory
◉ golgi apparatus.
Answer: A system of membranes that modifies and packages
proteins for export by the cell; picks up on cis, exports on trans
◉ lysosome.
Answer: membranous sac of enzymes that can digest
macromolecules, acidic on inside
◉ Food vacuole, contractile vacuole, and central vacuole..
Answer: formed by phagocytosis, pumps out water, holds organic
compounds and water
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ disulfide bridges.
Answer: tertiary structure, formed when amino acids with
sulfhydryl groups on side chains are brought together by folding of
protein
◉ what bonds make up most of protein folding.
Answer: non covalent
◉ collagen is.
Answer: quaternary
◉ xray crystallography.
Answer: an important method used to determine a protein's three-
dimensional structure
◉ A nucleotide consists of.
Answer: sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
,◉ Nucleotide numbering system.
Answer: 5 to 3
◉ DNA and RNA differences.
Answer: DNA sugar is deoxyribose sugar, RNA sugar is ribose.
DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single strand
DNA can NOT leave the nucleus, RNA can
Uracil replaces thymine in RNA
◉ what hold nucleotides together.
Answer: hydrogen bonds
◉ 2 ways of studying cells.
Answer: microscopy and fractionation
◉ basic features of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Answer: plasma membrane, cytosol, chromsomes, ribosomes
◉ 2 differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Answer: prokaryotes have no nucleus and no membrane bound
organelles
,◉ cell wall and vacuole functions (plant).
Answer: cell wall supports shape and vacuole can act as air pocket
◉ How is the shape of the nucleus maintained?.
Answer: by the nuclear lamina, which is composed of protein
◉ nuclear membrane is a.
Answer: lipid bilayer
◉ what makes up nuclear envelope.
Answer: outer, lamina, inner, pores
◉ chromatin.
Answer: DNA and associated proteins
◉ chromosome.
Answer: condensed chromatin
◉ where is synthesis of rRNA.
Answer: nucleolus
, ◉ what carries out protein synthesis.
Answer: ribosomes
◉ what is continuous with nuclear membrane.
Answer: ER
◉ smooth vs rough ER.
Answer: smooth: synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poison,
stores calcium, metabolizes carbohydrates
rough: has ribosomes, makes glycoproteins, distributes transport
vesicles, membrane factory
◉ golgi apparatus.
Answer: A system of membranes that modifies and packages
proteins for export by the cell; picks up on cis, exports on trans
◉ lysosome.
Answer: membranous sac of enzymes that can digest
macromolecules, acidic on inside
◉ Food vacuole, contractile vacuole, and central vacuole..
Answer: formed by phagocytosis, pumps out water, holds organic
compounds and water
