CVP EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWER KEY FOR (2026) EXAM, A+
SOLUTIONS/NEWEST UPDATE!!!
The Cardiovascular System functions as
A fluid transfer system
The Cardiovascular System transfers (5) things
Respiratory Gasses
Nutrients
Wastes
Hormones
Body Heat
Can the demands of the body be met by diffusion alone
No
How long for an O2 molecule to diffuse one cm
14 hours
Distance between cells and their nearest capillary
<100 um
What happens if the blood supply doesn't meet the demand
hypoxia
hypercapnia
uremia
CO2 retention is known as
Hypercapnia
Excess urea or other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
Uremia
The heart is one or two pumps
Two
The left heart is what pump
Systemic Circuit
The right heart is what pump
Pulmonary Circuit
, 2
systemic circuit
Left ventricle --> Body --> Right Atrium
pulmonary circuit
Right ventricle --> Lung --> Left Atrium
Is the blood coming from the right heart oxygenated or deoxygenated
Deoxygenated
Is the blood coming from the left heart oxygenated or deoxygenated
Oxygenated
The systemic and pulmonary circuit are in _________________ with each other
Series
Consequences of serial circuits
Dysfunction in one part affects all others in the series
left heart parts
- left atrium
- mitral valve
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
the __________ heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps blood to the body
left
right heart parts
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
the __________ heart receives blood from the body and pumps blood to the lungs
right
The inner layer of the heart
Endocardium
, 3
The endocardium is continuous with the epithelium of __________
Blood vessels
The middle muscular layer of the heart is
Myocardium
The outer layer of the heart
Epicardium (Visceral pericardium)
The outer layer of the heart sac
Fibrous pericardium
The inner layer of the heart sac
Parietal pericardium
The space between the pericardium and the epicardium
Pericardial cavity
heart layers (inner to outer)
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
pericardial cavity
parietal pericardium
fibrous pericardium
Circulation principles of the heart
Hemodynamics
Any organ that changes the composition of blood for the benefit of the rest of the body
Blood Conditioner Organs
blood conditioner organs
Lungs
Kidneys
GI Tract
Skin
What are the two things that all blood conditioner organs have in common
SOLUTIONS/NEWEST UPDATE!!!
The Cardiovascular System functions as
A fluid transfer system
The Cardiovascular System transfers (5) things
Respiratory Gasses
Nutrients
Wastes
Hormones
Body Heat
Can the demands of the body be met by diffusion alone
No
How long for an O2 molecule to diffuse one cm
14 hours
Distance between cells and their nearest capillary
<100 um
What happens if the blood supply doesn't meet the demand
hypoxia
hypercapnia
uremia
CO2 retention is known as
Hypercapnia
Excess urea or other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
Uremia
The heart is one or two pumps
Two
The left heart is what pump
Systemic Circuit
The right heart is what pump
Pulmonary Circuit
, 2
systemic circuit
Left ventricle --> Body --> Right Atrium
pulmonary circuit
Right ventricle --> Lung --> Left Atrium
Is the blood coming from the right heart oxygenated or deoxygenated
Deoxygenated
Is the blood coming from the left heart oxygenated or deoxygenated
Oxygenated
The systemic and pulmonary circuit are in _________________ with each other
Series
Consequences of serial circuits
Dysfunction in one part affects all others in the series
left heart parts
- left atrium
- mitral valve
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
the __________ heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps blood to the body
left
right heart parts
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
the __________ heart receives blood from the body and pumps blood to the lungs
right
The inner layer of the heart
Endocardium
, 3
The endocardium is continuous with the epithelium of __________
Blood vessels
The middle muscular layer of the heart is
Myocardium
The outer layer of the heart
Epicardium (Visceral pericardium)
The outer layer of the heart sac
Fibrous pericardium
The inner layer of the heart sac
Parietal pericardium
The space between the pericardium and the epicardium
Pericardial cavity
heart layers (inner to outer)
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
pericardial cavity
parietal pericardium
fibrous pericardium
Circulation principles of the heart
Hemodynamics
Any organ that changes the composition of blood for the benefit of the rest of the body
Blood Conditioner Organs
blood conditioner organs
Lungs
Kidneys
GI Tract
Skin
What are the two things that all blood conditioner organs have in common
