Medical intervention factors that affect risk of infection - ANSWER indwelling devices,
staffing ratio, lengths of stay, duration of invasive procedures, medications, # of exams by
providers, type of institution, and knowledge/experience of providers
environmental intervention factors that affect risk of infection - ANSWER disinfectant
type used, contact with animals, hand hygiene
anatomical/phys factors that affect risk of infection - ANSWER preexisting diseases,
trauma, malignancies, age, gender, and nutritional status
DMAIC - ANSWER D=define customers, project boundaries, and processes
M=measure performance
A=analyze data to identify causes of variation, gaps in performance, and prioritize actions
I=improve the process
C=control the process to prevent reverting
What should an effective surveillance program be able to provide? - ANSWER Detection
of infections and injuries, identify trends, identify risk factors associated with infections and
other AEs detect outbreaks and clusters, assess the overall effectiveness of the infection con-
trol and prevention program and demonstrate changes in proactive and processes that lead
to better outcomes
Define point prevalence - ANSWER number of persons ill on the date divided by the pop-
ulation on that date.
1
, Define attack rate - ANSWER Number of people at risk in whom a certain illness develops
/ (divided by) / Total number of people at risk
Define prevalence - ANSWER fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given
time
Define incidence - ANSWER number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of
persons at risk for the disease.
Type of specimen for C. diff - ANSWER liquid stool is required
When to suspect C. diff infection? - ANSWER when 3 or more unformed/watery stool in
24 hrs occurs
Relative Risk (RR) - ANSWER Used in cohort studies to determine how strongly a risk fac-
tor is associated with an outcome.
1 is the null= no significance of the association between exposure and adverse event
P(X infection or exposed)/P(Y infection or unexposed) = RR
Details of control chart - ANSWER central line = the ave of data pts
x axis = time
y axis = rate/count
may be upper control/lower control limit lines and +/- 3 SD lines
Directly observed therapy (DOT) - ANSWER requires that a health care provider directly
observe the patient swallowing the pills, whether it is in the hospital, office, or home care
setting
2
staffing ratio, lengths of stay, duration of invasive procedures, medications, # of exams by
providers, type of institution, and knowledge/experience of providers
environmental intervention factors that affect risk of infection - ANSWER disinfectant
type used, contact with animals, hand hygiene
anatomical/phys factors that affect risk of infection - ANSWER preexisting diseases,
trauma, malignancies, age, gender, and nutritional status
DMAIC - ANSWER D=define customers, project boundaries, and processes
M=measure performance
A=analyze data to identify causes of variation, gaps in performance, and prioritize actions
I=improve the process
C=control the process to prevent reverting
What should an effective surveillance program be able to provide? - ANSWER Detection
of infections and injuries, identify trends, identify risk factors associated with infections and
other AEs detect outbreaks and clusters, assess the overall effectiveness of the infection con-
trol and prevention program and demonstrate changes in proactive and processes that lead
to better outcomes
Define point prevalence - ANSWER number of persons ill on the date divided by the pop-
ulation on that date.
1
, Define attack rate - ANSWER Number of people at risk in whom a certain illness develops
/ (divided by) / Total number of people at risk
Define prevalence - ANSWER fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given
time
Define incidence - ANSWER number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of
persons at risk for the disease.
Type of specimen for C. diff - ANSWER liquid stool is required
When to suspect C. diff infection? - ANSWER when 3 or more unformed/watery stool in
24 hrs occurs
Relative Risk (RR) - ANSWER Used in cohort studies to determine how strongly a risk fac-
tor is associated with an outcome.
1 is the null= no significance of the association between exposure and adverse event
P(X infection or exposed)/P(Y infection or unexposed) = RR
Details of control chart - ANSWER central line = the ave of data pts
x axis = time
y axis = rate/count
may be upper control/lower control limit lines and +/- 3 SD lines
Directly observed therapy (DOT) - ANSWER requires that a health care provider directly
observe the patient swallowing the pills, whether it is in the hospital, office, or home care
setting
2
