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Summary Academic Project - Research
Methods The Essential Knowledge Base
(Grade 92)
Book Summary
Research Methods – THE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE BASE
Academic Project 2017-2018
1
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Book Summary – Academic Project 2017-2018
Amber Plantinga
Table Of Contents
1. Foundation Of Research Methods .................................................................................. 4
1.1 The Research Enterprise ................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Conceptualizing Research............................................................................................................... 5
1.3 The Language Of Research ............................................................................................................. 6
1.4 The Validity Of Research ................................................................................................................ 8
2. Ethics ................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Foundations Of Ethics In Research ................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Historical Cases Of Unethical Research ......................................................................................... 9
2.3 Evolution Of A Modern System Of Research Ethics ................................................................... 10
2.4 Ethics In The Production And Publication Of Scholarly Work ................................................... 11
3. Qualitative Approaches To Research ............................................................................ 13
3.1 Foundations Of Qualitative Research.......................................................................................... 13
3.2 The Context For Qualitative Research......................................................................................... 13
3.3 Qualitative Traditions ................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Qualitative Methods ..................................................................................................................... 15
3.5 Qualitative Data ............................................................................................................................ 16
3.6 Assessing Qualitative Research ................................................................................................... 16
4. Sampling ......................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Foundations Of Sampling ............................................................................................................. 17
4.2 Sampling Terminology .................................................................................................................. 17
4.3 External Validity ............................................................................................................................ 18
4.4 Sampling Methods ........................................................................................................................ 18
4.5 Nonprobability Sampling.............................................................................................................. 19
4.6 Probability Sampling ..................................................................................................................... 19
4.7 Probability Sampling: Procedures ................................................................................................ 20
4.8 Threats To External Validity ......................................................................................................... 21
4.9 Improving External Validity.......................................................................................................... 21
5. Introduction To Measurement ...................................................................................... 22
5.1 Foundations Of Measurement ..................................................................................................... 22
5.2 Quality Of Measurement .............................................................................................................. 23
5.3 Integrating Reliability And Validity ............................................................................................. 27
6. Scales, Tests And Indexes .............................................................................................. 28
6.1 Foundations Of Scales, Tests And Indexes.................................................................................. 28
6.2 Scales And Scaling ......................................................................................................................... 28
6.3 Tests ............................................................................................................................................... 31
6.4 Indexes ........................................................................................................................................... 32
7. Survey Research ............................................................................................................. 33
7.1 Foundations Of Survey Research ................................................................................................. 33
7.2 Types Of Survey Research ............................................................................................................ 33
7.3 Selecting The Survey Method ...................................................................................................... 34
7.4 Survey Design ................................................................................................................................ 35
7.5 Interviews ...................................................................................................................................... 37
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8. Introduction To Design .................................................................................................. 39
8.1 Foundations Of Design ................................................................................................................. 39
8.2 Research Design And Causality .................................................................................................... 39
8.3 Developing A Research Design .................................................................................................... 42
8.4 Types Of Designs ........................................................................................................................... 43
8.5 Expanding On Basic Designs ......................................................................................................... 43
9. Experimental Design ...................................................................................................... 45
9.1 Foundations Of Experimental Design.......................................................................................... 45
9.2 Introduction: The Origins Of Experimental Design .................................................................... 45
9.3 Classifying Experimental Designs ................................................................................................ 46
9.4 Signal Enhancing Designs: Factorial Designs .............................................................................. 47
9.5 Noise-Reducing Designs: Randomized Block Designs ................................................................ 48
9.6 Noise-Reducing Designs: Covariance Designs ............................................................................ 48
9.7 Hybrid Designs: Switching-Replications Experimental Designs ................................................ 49
9.8 Limitations Of Experimental Design ............................................................................................ 49
10. Quasi-Experimental Design ........................................................................................... 50
10.1 Foundations Of Quasi-Experimental Design ........................................................................... 50
10.2 The Non-Equivalent-Groups Design ........................................................................................ 50
10.3 The Regression-Discontinuity Design ...................................................................................... 50
10.4 Other Quasi-Experimental Designs.......................................................................................... 51
11. Introduction To Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 53
11.1 Foundations Of Data Analytics................................................................................................. 53
11.2 Conclusion Validity.................................................................................................................... 53
11.3 Data Preparation ....................................................................................................................... 54
11.4 Descriptive Statistics ................................................................................................................. 55
12. Inferential Analysis ........................................................................................................ 56
12.1 Foundations Of Analysis For Research Design........................................................................ 56
12.2 Inferential Statistics .................................................................................................................. 56
12.3 General Linear Model ............................................................................................................... 56
12.4 Experimental Analysis............................................................................................................... 58
12.5 Quasi-Experimental Analysis .................................................................................................... 59
3
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Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar.
, Stuvia - Koop en Verkoop de Beste Samenvattingen
Book Summary – Academic Project 2017-2018
Amber Plantinga
1. Foundation Of Research Methods
1.1 The Research Enterprise
Research Is A Type Of Systematic Investigation That Is Empirical In Nature And Is
Designed To Contribute To Public Knowledge.
A Particular Subclass Of Research Is Known As Social Research That Has To Do With
Our Societies, Things We Do, How We Interact, How We Live And Feel.
A Research Project Is Done When Conducting Research. It Addresses One Or More
Questions, Collects Specific Data, And So On. Each Research Project Contributes To The
Broader Effort Which Is The Research Enterprise.
The Research Enterprise Is A Macro-Level Effort To Accumulate Knowledge Across
Multiple Empirical Systematic Public Research Projects.
Translational Research Is The Systematic Effort To Move Research From Initial
Discovery To Practice And Ultimately To Impacts On Our Lives. There Is A Wide Variety Of
Clever Phrases That Are Used In Various Fields To Convey The Idea Of Translational
Research: “Bench To Bedside”, “Bench To Behaviour”, “Mind To The Market Place”, “Brain
To Vein” And “Bench- To-Practice-To-Community”.
Think Of The Research Enterprise As Encompassing A Research-Practice Continuum Within
Which Translation Occurs. In The Course Of Moving Through This Continuum It Is Likely
That Many Individual Research Projects Will Be Conducted.
Types Of Research By Practice Continuum
Basic Research: Research Designed To Generate Discoveries And To Understand How
They Work.
Applied Research: Research Where A Discovery Is Tested Under Increasingly Controlled
Conditions In Real-World Contexts (Discoveries Related To Humans).
Implementation And Dissemination Research: Research That Assesses How Well A
Discovery Can Be Distributed And Carried Out In A Broad Range Of Contexts That Extend
Beyond The Original Controlled Studies.
Impact Research: Research That Assesses The Broader Effects Of A Discovery On
Society. Policy Research: Research That Is Designed To Investigate Existing Policies Or
Develop And Test New Ones.
4
Gedownload door: yorickvlaar |
Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar.
Summary Academic Project - Research
Methods The Essential Knowledge Base
(Grade 92)
Book Summary
Research Methods – THE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE BASE
Academic Project 2017-2018
1
Gedownload door: yorickvlaar |
Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar.
, Stuvia - Koop en Verkoop de Beste Samenvattingen
Book Summary – Academic Project 2017-2018
Amber Plantinga
Table Of Contents
1. Foundation Of Research Methods .................................................................................. 4
1.1 The Research Enterprise ................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Conceptualizing Research............................................................................................................... 5
1.3 The Language Of Research ............................................................................................................. 6
1.4 The Validity Of Research ................................................................................................................ 8
2. Ethics ................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Foundations Of Ethics In Research ................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Historical Cases Of Unethical Research ......................................................................................... 9
2.3 Evolution Of A Modern System Of Research Ethics ................................................................... 10
2.4 Ethics In The Production And Publication Of Scholarly Work ................................................... 11
3. Qualitative Approaches To Research ............................................................................ 13
3.1 Foundations Of Qualitative Research.......................................................................................... 13
3.2 The Context For Qualitative Research......................................................................................... 13
3.3 Qualitative Traditions ................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Qualitative Methods ..................................................................................................................... 15
3.5 Qualitative Data ............................................................................................................................ 16
3.6 Assessing Qualitative Research ................................................................................................... 16
4. Sampling ......................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Foundations Of Sampling ............................................................................................................. 17
4.2 Sampling Terminology .................................................................................................................. 17
4.3 External Validity ............................................................................................................................ 18
4.4 Sampling Methods ........................................................................................................................ 18
4.5 Nonprobability Sampling.............................................................................................................. 19
4.6 Probability Sampling ..................................................................................................................... 19
4.7 Probability Sampling: Procedures ................................................................................................ 20
4.8 Threats To External Validity ......................................................................................................... 21
4.9 Improving External Validity.......................................................................................................... 21
5. Introduction To Measurement ...................................................................................... 22
5.1 Foundations Of Measurement ..................................................................................................... 22
5.2 Quality Of Measurement .............................................................................................................. 23
5.3 Integrating Reliability And Validity ............................................................................................. 27
6. Scales, Tests And Indexes .............................................................................................. 28
6.1 Foundations Of Scales, Tests And Indexes.................................................................................. 28
6.2 Scales And Scaling ......................................................................................................................... 28
6.3 Tests ............................................................................................................................................... 31
6.4 Indexes ........................................................................................................................................... 32
7. Survey Research ............................................................................................................. 33
7.1 Foundations Of Survey Research ................................................................................................. 33
7.2 Types Of Survey Research ............................................................................................................ 33
7.3 Selecting The Survey Method ...................................................................................................... 34
7.4 Survey Design ................................................................................................................................ 35
7.5 Interviews ...................................................................................................................................... 37
2
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Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar.
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8. Introduction To Design .................................................................................................. 39
8.1 Foundations Of Design ................................................................................................................. 39
8.2 Research Design And Causality .................................................................................................... 39
8.3 Developing A Research Design .................................................................................................... 42
8.4 Types Of Designs ........................................................................................................................... 43
8.5 Expanding On Basic Designs ......................................................................................................... 43
9. Experimental Design ...................................................................................................... 45
9.1 Foundations Of Experimental Design.......................................................................................... 45
9.2 Introduction: The Origins Of Experimental Design .................................................................... 45
9.3 Classifying Experimental Designs ................................................................................................ 46
9.4 Signal Enhancing Designs: Factorial Designs .............................................................................. 47
9.5 Noise-Reducing Designs: Randomized Block Designs ................................................................ 48
9.6 Noise-Reducing Designs: Covariance Designs ............................................................................ 48
9.7 Hybrid Designs: Switching-Replications Experimental Designs ................................................ 49
9.8 Limitations Of Experimental Design ............................................................................................ 49
10. Quasi-Experimental Design ........................................................................................... 50
10.1 Foundations Of Quasi-Experimental Design ........................................................................... 50
10.2 The Non-Equivalent-Groups Design ........................................................................................ 50
10.3 The Regression-Discontinuity Design ...................................................................................... 50
10.4 Other Quasi-Experimental Designs.......................................................................................... 51
11. Introduction To Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 53
11.1 Foundations Of Data Analytics................................................................................................. 53
11.2 Conclusion Validity.................................................................................................................... 53
11.3 Data Preparation ....................................................................................................................... 54
11.4 Descriptive Statistics ................................................................................................................. 55
12. Inferential Analysis ........................................................................................................ 56
12.1 Foundations Of Analysis For Research Design........................................................................ 56
12.2 Inferential Statistics .................................................................................................................. 56
12.3 General Linear Model ............................................................................................................... 56
12.4 Experimental Analysis............................................................................................................... 58
12.5 Quasi-Experimental Analysis .................................................................................................... 59
3
Gedownload door: yorickvlaar |
Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar.
, Stuvia - Koop en Verkoop de Beste Samenvattingen
Book Summary – Academic Project 2017-2018
Amber Plantinga
1. Foundation Of Research Methods
1.1 The Research Enterprise
Research Is A Type Of Systematic Investigation That Is Empirical In Nature And Is
Designed To Contribute To Public Knowledge.
A Particular Subclass Of Research Is Known As Social Research That Has To Do With
Our Societies, Things We Do, How We Interact, How We Live And Feel.
A Research Project Is Done When Conducting Research. It Addresses One Or More
Questions, Collects Specific Data, And So On. Each Research Project Contributes To The
Broader Effort Which Is The Research Enterprise.
The Research Enterprise Is A Macro-Level Effort To Accumulate Knowledge Across
Multiple Empirical Systematic Public Research Projects.
Translational Research Is The Systematic Effort To Move Research From Initial
Discovery To Practice And Ultimately To Impacts On Our Lives. There Is A Wide Variety Of
Clever Phrases That Are Used In Various Fields To Convey The Idea Of Translational
Research: “Bench To Bedside”, “Bench To Behaviour”, “Mind To The Market Place”, “Brain
To Vein” And “Bench- To-Practice-To-Community”.
Think Of The Research Enterprise As Encompassing A Research-Practice Continuum Within
Which Translation Occurs. In The Course Of Moving Through This Continuum It Is Likely
That Many Individual Research Projects Will Be Conducted.
Types Of Research By Practice Continuum
Basic Research: Research Designed To Generate Discoveries And To Understand How
They Work.
Applied Research: Research Where A Discovery Is Tested Under Increasingly Controlled
Conditions In Real-World Contexts (Discoveries Related To Humans).
Implementation And Dissemination Research: Research That Assesses How Well A
Discovery Can Be Distributed And Carried Out In A Broad Range Of Contexts That Extend
Beyond The Original Controlled Studies.
Impact Research: Research That Assesses The Broader Effects Of A Discovery On
Society. Policy Research: Research That Is Designed To Investigate Existing Policies Or
Develop And Test New Ones.
4
Gedownload door: yorickvlaar |
Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar.
