NEUROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Trepanation - Correct Answers -Ancient practice of drilling holes in the skull
Who discovered Ventricles? - Correct Answers -Galen
Role of ventricles - Correct Answers -The body functioned according to a balance of
four humors (Vital fluids). Ventricles are filled with humors, and nerves are hollow tubes
to conduct humors
White Matter Function in the 17th/18th Centuries - Correct Answers -White matter is
continuous with nerves inside the brain. It sends info to and from gray matter outside
the brain.
Belle-Magendie Law - Correct Answers -Dorsal roots (Sensation Function) and ventral
roots (Motor Function) carry info in opposing directions within the spine.
Belle's Contribution - Correct Answers -If you cut the ventral root, it leads to muscle
paralysis
Magendie's Contribution - Correct Answers -If you cut the dorsal root, it leads to losing
sensation
Phrenology - Correct Answers -The study of the shape and size of the cranium as a
supposed indication of personality and mental abilities.
Flourens's Contribution - Correct Answers -"Experimental Ablation" (Parts of the brain
are destroyed to determine function), evidence AGAINST phrenology
Broca - Correct Answers -left frontal lobe: associated with speech (Broca's Area)
Discrete region of cerebrum for speech
Neurons - Correct Answers -Functions include:
-Processing info
-Sensing environmental changes
-Communicating changes
-Commanding Body responses
, Astrocytes - Correct Answers -Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.
Microglia - Correct Answers -Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act
as the brains immune system
Oligodendrites - Correct Answers -cells that produce myelin in the CNS
Ferrier - Correct Answers -Studies in monkeys found electrical current could evoke
discrete movements
Darwin - Correct Answers -Evolution of the nervous system. Concepts like common
ancestors, natural selection, and differing species sharing common mechanisms
5 levels of neuroscience analysis - Correct Answers --Molecular (Molecules inside cells)
-Cellular (Extracellular connections and wiring)
-Systems (Circuits for movement/vision/etc)
-Behavioral (Mood, behavior, drugs, and dreams)
-Cognitive (Higher level function, self awareness, imagination, and language)
Clinical Neuroscience - Correct Answers -Used to treat patients, NEED a MD
Experimental Research - Correct Answers -Lab job with a lot of animal research, NEED
PhD/MD
Theoretical Research - Correct Answers -Math & computation, NEED PhD
Scientific Process - Correct Answers -Observation, replication, interpretation, and
verification
Animal Welfare - Correct Answers -Protected by:
-Moral responsibilities
-International Animal Care & Use Committee (IACUC)
-NIH (Guide and Laws for housing and care of lab animals)
-Funding Agencies
Jounrals
Alzheimer's disease - Correct Answers -Progressive and irreversible brain disorder
characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally,
physical functioning
Parkinson's disease - Correct Answers -A disorder of the central nervous system that
affects movement, often including tremors.
Schwann Cells - Correct Answers -Supporting cells of the PNS responsible for the
formation of myelin.
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Trepanation - Correct Answers -Ancient practice of drilling holes in the skull
Who discovered Ventricles? - Correct Answers -Galen
Role of ventricles - Correct Answers -The body functioned according to a balance of
four humors (Vital fluids). Ventricles are filled with humors, and nerves are hollow tubes
to conduct humors
White Matter Function in the 17th/18th Centuries - Correct Answers -White matter is
continuous with nerves inside the brain. It sends info to and from gray matter outside
the brain.
Belle-Magendie Law - Correct Answers -Dorsal roots (Sensation Function) and ventral
roots (Motor Function) carry info in opposing directions within the spine.
Belle's Contribution - Correct Answers -If you cut the ventral root, it leads to muscle
paralysis
Magendie's Contribution - Correct Answers -If you cut the dorsal root, it leads to losing
sensation
Phrenology - Correct Answers -The study of the shape and size of the cranium as a
supposed indication of personality and mental abilities.
Flourens's Contribution - Correct Answers -"Experimental Ablation" (Parts of the brain
are destroyed to determine function), evidence AGAINST phrenology
Broca - Correct Answers -left frontal lobe: associated with speech (Broca's Area)
Discrete region of cerebrum for speech
Neurons - Correct Answers -Functions include:
-Processing info
-Sensing environmental changes
-Communicating changes
-Commanding Body responses
, Astrocytes - Correct Answers -Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.
Microglia - Correct Answers -Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act
as the brains immune system
Oligodendrites - Correct Answers -cells that produce myelin in the CNS
Ferrier - Correct Answers -Studies in monkeys found electrical current could evoke
discrete movements
Darwin - Correct Answers -Evolution of the nervous system. Concepts like common
ancestors, natural selection, and differing species sharing common mechanisms
5 levels of neuroscience analysis - Correct Answers --Molecular (Molecules inside cells)
-Cellular (Extracellular connections and wiring)
-Systems (Circuits for movement/vision/etc)
-Behavioral (Mood, behavior, drugs, and dreams)
-Cognitive (Higher level function, self awareness, imagination, and language)
Clinical Neuroscience - Correct Answers -Used to treat patients, NEED a MD
Experimental Research - Correct Answers -Lab job with a lot of animal research, NEED
PhD/MD
Theoretical Research - Correct Answers -Math & computation, NEED PhD
Scientific Process - Correct Answers -Observation, replication, interpretation, and
verification
Animal Welfare - Correct Answers -Protected by:
-Moral responsibilities
-International Animal Care & Use Committee (IACUC)
-NIH (Guide and Laws for housing and care of lab animals)
-Funding Agencies
Jounrals
Alzheimer's disease - Correct Answers -Progressive and irreversible brain disorder
characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally,
physical functioning
Parkinson's disease - Correct Answers -A disorder of the central nervous system that
affects movement, often including tremors.
Schwann Cells - Correct Answers -Supporting cells of the PNS responsible for the
formation of myelin.
