Civil Engineering – Chapter 4 (Hydraulics & Water
Resources) Questions & Answers for A+ GRADE
14th edition 2025-2026
What is hydraulics?
Study of behavior of fluids, especially water in motion.
What is fluid mechanics?
Study of fluids at rest and in motion.
What is a fluid?
A substance that flows and takes the shape of its container.
What are the types of fluids?
Liquids and gases.
What is density of fluid?
Mass per unit volume.
What is specific weight?
Weight per unit volume of fluid.
What is specific gravity?
Ratio of fluid density to water density.
What is viscosity?
Resistance of fluid to flow.
What is kinematic viscosity?
Ratio of dynamic viscosity to density.
What is surface tension?
Force acting on fluid surface due to molecular attraction.
What is capillarity?
Rise or fall of liquid in small tubes.
, What is pressure in fluids?
Force per unit area exerted by fluid.
What is atmospheric pressure?
Pressure exerted by air on Earth’s surface.
What is gauge pressure?
Pressure measured relative to atmospheric pressure.
What is absolute pressure?
Total pressure including atmospheric pressure.
What is Pascal’s law?
Pressure applied to fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Pressure exerted by stationary fluid.
What is fluid statics?
Study of fluids at rest.
What is fluid dynamics?
Study of fluids in motion.
What is continuity equation?
Mass flow rate remains constant in a pipe.
What is Bernoulli’s theorem?
Total energy in flowing fluid is constant.
What is energy head?
Sum of pressure, velocity, and elevation heads.
What is pressure head?
Height of fluid column representing pressure.
What is velocity head?
Energy due to fluid velocity.
Resources) Questions & Answers for A+ GRADE
14th edition 2025-2026
What is hydraulics?
Study of behavior of fluids, especially water in motion.
What is fluid mechanics?
Study of fluids at rest and in motion.
What is a fluid?
A substance that flows and takes the shape of its container.
What are the types of fluids?
Liquids and gases.
What is density of fluid?
Mass per unit volume.
What is specific weight?
Weight per unit volume of fluid.
What is specific gravity?
Ratio of fluid density to water density.
What is viscosity?
Resistance of fluid to flow.
What is kinematic viscosity?
Ratio of dynamic viscosity to density.
What is surface tension?
Force acting on fluid surface due to molecular attraction.
What is capillarity?
Rise or fall of liquid in small tubes.
, What is pressure in fluids?
Force per unit area exerted by fluid.
What is atmospheric pressure?
Pressure exerted by air on Earth’s surface.
What is gauge pressure?
Pressure measured relative to atmospheric pressure.
What is absolute pressure?
Total pressure including atmospheric pressure.
What is Pascal’s law?
Pressure applied to fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Pressure exerted by stationary fluid.
What is fluid statics?
Study of fluids at rest.
What is fluid dynamics?
Study of fluids in motion.
What is continuity equation?
Mass flow rate remains constant in a pipe.
What is Bernoulli’s theorem?
Total energy in flowing fluid is constant.
What is energy head?
Sum of pressure, velocity, and elevation heads.
What is pressure head?
Height of fluid column representing pressure.
What is velocity head?
Energy due to fluid velocity.
