1
GALEN NUR 210 EXAM 1 MODULES 1-3
2026- COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Drug distribution and albumin - correct-answer --A decrease in albumin levels
decrease the protein-binding sites, which means more of the free drug is
circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are active in the
body and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney disease
have low albumin levels.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - correct-answer --The BBB protects the brain from most
drugs.
-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or alter fetal
growth and development.
Metabolism - correct-answer -•Chemically changes drug to a form that can be
excreted
,2
•Liver primary site
half-life - correct-answer -•the time it takes for the drug in the body to be reduced
by half
Loading dose - correct-answer -use of a higher dose than what is usually used for
treatment to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration (therapeutic level)
sooner
•Blood thinner
•Antibiotic
Exceretion - correct-answer -the removal of waste products from medications
which is done mainly through the kidneys
Other routes for include lungs, sweat, saliva, and bile
Factors effecting excretion - correct-answer -Disorders in which the blood flow to
the kidneys is reduced will influence drug excretion.
Dehydration, CKD, and glomerulonephritis are examples.
,3
Drug Elimination and Patients with Kidney Disease - correct-answer -Lab tests to
determine kidney and renal function include: Creatinine (0.5-1.1 female, 0.6-1.2
male) BUN (10-20) eGFR (60-90+)
You should be aware of patients kidney function status as this will determine drug
dosage.)
Drug Elimination and patients with liver disease - correct-answer -Lab tests to
determine liver function include: ALT (4-36) and AST (0-35)
Onset - correct-answer -time it takes for drug to start working
Peak - correct-answer -highest concentration in blood
duration - correct-answer -length of therapeutic effect
Peak and Trough - correct-answer -•highest (30 minutes after giving) and lowest
(right before giving second dose) amount of drug in blood
Agonist - correct-answer -desired response
, 4
Antagonist - correct-answer -undesired response
side effects - correct-answer -Expected
Secondary effects
Can be desirable or undesirable
Report if effects are desirable or not
Adverse Reactions - correct-answer -•Unexpected
•Mild to severe
Drug toxicity - correct-answer -•Overdose
•Drug level exceeds therapeutic range
additive effect - correct-answer -Sum effect of 2 drugs
synergistic effect - correct-answer -•On purpose
GALEN NUR 210 EXAM 1 MODULES 1-3
2026- COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Drug distribution and albumin - correct-answer --A decrease in albumin levels
decrease the protein-binding sites, which means more of the free drug is
circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are active in the
body and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney disease
have low albumin levels.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - correct-answer --The BBB protects the brain from most
drugs.
-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or alter fetal
growth and development.
Metabolism - correct-answer -•Chemically changes drug to a form that can be
excreted
,2
•Liver primary site
half-life - correct-answer -•the time it takes for the drug in the body to be reduced
by half
Loading dose - correct-answer -use of a higher dose than what is usually used for
treatment to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration (therapeutic level)
sooner
•Blood thinner
•Antibiotic
Exceretion - correct-answer -the removal of waste products from medications
which is done mainly through the kidneys
Other routes for include lungs, sweat, saliva, and bile
Factors effecting excretion - correct-answer -Disorders in which the blood flow to
the kidneys is reduced will influence drug excretion.
Dehydration, CKD, and glomerulonephritis are examples.
,3
Drug Elimination and Patients with Kidney Disease - correct-answer -Lab tests to
determine kidney and renal function include: Creatinine (0.5-1.1 female, 0.6-1.2
male) BUN (10-20) eGFR (60-90+)
You should be aware of patients kidney function status as this will determine drug
dosage.)
Drug Elimination and patients with liver disease - correct-answer -Lab tests to
determine liver function include: ALT (4-36) and AST (0-35)
Onset - correct-answer -time it takes for drug to start working
Peak - correct-answer -highest concentration in blood
duration - correct-answer -length of therapeutic effect
Peak and Trough - correct-answer -•highest (30 minutes after giving) and lowest
(right before giving second dose) amount of drug in blood
Agonist - correct-answer -desired response
, 4
Antagonist - correct-answer -undesired response
side effects - correct-answer -Expected
Secondary effects
Can be desirable or undesirable
Report if effects are desirable or not
Adverse Reactions - correct-answer -•Unexpected
•Mild to severe
Drug toxicity - correct-answer -•Overdose
•Drug level exceeds therapeutic range
additive effect - correct-answer -Sum effect of 2 drugs
synergistic effect - correct-answer -•On purpose
