Chapter 13 RNA Test Review – Structure, Function & Protein Synthesis Study
Guide
DNA and RNA both contain ___ and three of the same nucleotide bases: _____, _____, ______ -
✔✔phosphate, guanine, cytosine, adenine
what are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide? - ✔✔ribose, phosphate, nitrogenous
base
what are the four nitrogenous bases for an RNA molecule? - ✔✔adenine, uracil, guanine,
cytosine
type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes - ✔✔ribosomal RNA
type of RNA molecule that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis -
✔✔transfer RNA
type of RNA that brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of
the cell - ✔✔messenger RNA
DNA molecules are copied entirely for cell division - ✔✔replication
DNA molecules are transcribed into mRNA by making the complement using C-G, G-C, T-A, A-U -
✔✔transcription
mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein - ✔✔translation
, during transcription, ____ binds to DNA and assembles nucleotides into a strand that is
complementary to the DNA template - ✔✔RNA polymerase
in _____ ______, only one part of a strand of DNA is copied and a complementary strand of
RNA is made - ✔✔eukaryotic transcription
a ___ is a building site for RNA polymerase on the DNA in the nucleus which marks exactly
where to begin making RNA - ✔✔promoter
in the nucleus after copying the DNA, RNA molecules sometimes require bits and pieces to be
cut out and discarded called ___ before they can go into action - ✔✔introns
after introns are discarded, the remaining pieces known as ____ are then spliced back together
to form the final mRNA, ready to leave the nucleus - ✔✔exons
what determines the order of amino acids in proteins? - ✔✔the order of nitrogenous bases in
DNA
there are ___ codons and ___ amino acids; how can this be? - ✔✔64, 20 several different
codons can specify the same amino acid
three nucleotides specify ___ - ✔✔one amino acid
nucleotide is made up of ___, ___, _____ - ✔✔phosphate, sugar and base
during ____ the cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins - ✔✔translation
during translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on
what? - ✔✔the codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA
Guide
DNA and RNA both contain ___ and three of the same nucleotide bases: _____, _____, ______ -
✔✔phosphate, guanine, cytosine, adenine
what are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide? - ✔✔ribose, phosphate, nitrogenous
base
what are the four nitrogenous bases for an RNA molecule? - ✔✔adenine, uracil, guanine,
cytosine
type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes - ✔✔ribosomal RNA
type of RNA molecule that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis -
✔✔transfer RNA
type of RNA that brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of
the cell - ✔✔messenger RNA
DNA molecules are copied entirely for cell division - ✔✔replication
DNA molecules are transcribed into mRNA by making the complement using C-G, G-C, T-A, A-U -
✔✔transcription
mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein - ✔✔translation
, during transcription, ____ binds to DNA and assembles nucleotides into a strand that is
complementary to the DNA template - ✔✔RNA polymerase
in _____ ______, only one part of a strand of DNA is copied and a complementary strand of
RNA is made - ✔✔eukaryotic transcription
a ___ is a building site for RNA polymerase on the DNA in the nucleus which marks exactly
where to begin making RNA - ✔✔promoter
in the nucleus after copying the DNA, RNA molecules sometimes require bits and pieces to be
cut out and discarded called ___ before they can go into action - ✔✔introns
after introns are discarded, the remaining pieces known as ____ are then spliced back together
to form the final mRNA, ready to leave the nucleus - ✔✔exons
what determines the order of amino acids in proteins? - ✔✔the order of nitrogenous bases in
DNA
there are ___ codons and ___ amino acids; how can this be? - ✔✔64, 20 several different
codons can specify the same amino acid
three nucleotides specify ___ - ✔✔one amino acid
nucleotide is made up of ___, ___, _____ - ✔✔phosphate, sugar and base
during ____ the cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins - ✔✔translation
during translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on
what? - ✔✔the codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA
