UKY BIO 148 FINAL EXAM – CARES
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Structures in a cell that make proteins. They read information on the mRNA and
produce proteins. - ANSWERSribosomes
Organisms are a product of - ANSWERSEvolution
Archaea are more closely related to _______ than _______ - ANSWERSeukaryotes,
bacteria
uses energy
is made of one or more cells
processes information
reproduces
can evolve - ANSWERScriteria for life
All living things release ___________ into the environment - ANSWERSenergy
All cells have a ________ membrane, but not all cells have a _________ wall -
ANSWERSplasma, cell
Prokaryotes duplicate via ___________ - ANSWERSbinary fission
Eukaryotes reproduce via - ANSWERSmitosis or meiosis
change in heritable characteristics over time of a species. - ANSWERSevolution
definition
Every cells living today comes from - ANSWERSanother cell
Prokaryotes have a cell ________ outside the plasma membrane - ANSWERSwall
Prokaryotes do not have a _________, instead they have a single, circular
__________ . - ANSWERSnucleus, chromosome
The small piece of DNA in a prokaryote, separate from the chromosome, is the
__________ - ANSWERSplasmid
Some eukaryotic cells have a ___________ - ANSWERScell wall
Eukaryotic cells have multiple ______________ to store DNA - ANSWERSlinear
chromosomes
,DNA in a eukaryotes in stored in the __________. - ANSWERSnucleus
Bacteria and Archaea are members of - ANSWERSProkaryota
A trait that is not reliant on genes, and acquired over time is called an _________ -
ANSWERSacquired trait
Any change in the inherited traits of a population that occurs over time is called -
ANSWERSbiological evolution
Charles Darwin and __________ independently invented the theory of evolution -
ANSWERSAlfred Wallace
Biological fitness is determined by the - ANSWERSamount of fertile and healthy
offspring
Natural selection selects individuals with higher - ANSWERSfitness
A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a given environment is called an -
ANSWERSadaptation
An trait that is an adaptation in one environment could ___________ in another. -
ANSWERSdeleterious
A group in a phylogenetic tree consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants
is called a _________. - ANSWERSclade
More closely related taxa form a __________ clade. - ANSWERSsmaller
The theory of evolution does not explain how ____________________, it explains how
life has evolved since then. - ANSWERSlife originated
Natural selection changes the heritable traits of _______________ to cause the
evolution of ___________. - ANSWERSpopulations, populations
Natural selections acts on _______________ - ANSWERSindividuals
All prokaryotes are ______________ celled organisms - ANSWERSsingle
Bacteria have cell walls made of - ANSWERSpeptidoglycan
Gram positive bacteria stain ___________ - ANSWERSpurple
Gram negative bacteria stain _____________, because their peptidoglycan is covered
by a phospholipid bilayer. - ANSWERSpink
, Cells reads DNA and makes RNA - ANSWERStranscription
Ribosome reads RNA and makes proteins - ANSWERStranslation
The transcription enzymes in _____________ are more complex and closer to the
enzymes in ___________ than _____________ - ANSWERSarchaea, eukaryota,
bacteria
Structures unique to Eukaryotes are - ANSWERSinternal membranes
mitochondria
chloroplasts
Plants are the only eukaryotes to have a central _____________ - ANSWERSvacuole
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine - ANSWERSDNA bases
The primary structure of DNA is defined by the - ANSWERSnitrogenous bases
The secondary structure of DNA is defined by the number of - ANSWERSpurines and
pyrimidines
DNA molecule structure is composed of - ANSWERStwo strands in opposite directions
called antiparallel
RNA is only a single strand of - ANSWERSgenetic material
The 5' end of a nucleotide connects to a - ANSWERSphosphate group
The 3' end of a nucleotide connects to a - ANSWERShydroxyl group
Strands Separate
New strand is copied using original as template
Each new DNA molecule is one old/one new - ANSWERSsemi conservative
mechanism
New double helix created by copying old one
entirely new DNA in the new molecule - ANSWERSconservative mechanism
DNA is cut into many fragments
These pieces are copied
The pieces are recombined
Each new molecule is bits of old and new DNA - ANSWERSdispersive mechanism
DNA templates are read in a _______________ direction - ANSWERS3 to 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Structures in a cell that make proteins. They read information on the mRNA and
produce proteins. - ANSWERSribosomes
Organisms are a product of - ANSWERSEvolution
Archaea are more closely related to _______ than _______ - ANSWERSeukaryotes,
bacteria
uses energy
is made of one or more cells
processes information
reproduces
can evolve - ANSWERScriteria for life
All living things release ___________ into the environment - ANSWERSenergy
All cells have a ________ membrane, but not all cells have a _________ wall -
ANSWERSplasma, cell
Prokaryotes duplicate via ___________ - ANSWERSbinary fission
Eukaryotes reproduce via - ANSWERSmitosis or meiosis
change in heritable characteristics over time of a species. - ANSWERSevolution
definition
Every cells living today comes from - ANSWERSanother cell
Prokaryotes have a cell ________ outside the plasma membrane - ANSWERSwall
Prokaryotes do not have a _________, instead they have a single, circular
__________ . - ANSWERSnucleus, chromosome
The small piece of DNA in a prokaryote, separate from the chromosome, is the
__________ - ANSWERSplasmid
Some eukaryotic cells have a ___________ - ANSWERScell wall
Eukaryotic cells have multiple ______________ to store DNA - ANSWERSlinear
chromosomes
,DNA in a eukaryotes in stored in the __________. - ANSWERSnucleus
Bacteria and Archaea are members of - ANSWERSProkaryota
A trait that is not reliant on genes, and acquired over time is called an _________ -
ANSWERSacquired trait
Any change in the inherited traits of a population that occurs over time is called -
ANSWERSbiological evolution
Charles Darwin and __________ independently invented the theory of evolution -
ANSWERSAlfred Wallace
Biological fitness is determined by the - ANSWERSamount of fertile and healthy
offspring
Natural selection selects individuals with higher - ANSWERSfitness
A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a given environment is called an -
ANSWERSadaptation
An trait that is an adaptation in one environment could ___________ in another. -
ANSWERSdeleterious
A group in a phylogenetic tree consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants
is called a _________. - ANSWERSclade
More closely related taxa form a __________ clade. - ANSWERSsmaller
The theory of evolution does not explain how ____________________, it explains how
life has evolved since then. - ANSWERSlife originated
Natural selection changes the heritable traits of _______________ to cause the
evolution of ___________. - ANSWERSpopulations, populations
Natural selections acts on _______________ - ANSWERSindividuals
All prokaryotes are ______________ celled organisms - ANSWERSsingle
Bacteria have cell walls made of - ANSWERSpeptidoglycan
Gram positive bacteria stain ___________ - ANSWERSpurple
Gram negative bacteria stain _____________, because their peptidoglycan is covered
by a phospholipid bilayer. - ANSWERSpink
, Cells reads DNA and makes RNA - ANSWERStranscription
Ribosome reads RNA and makes proteins - ANSWERStranslation
The transcription enzymes in _____________ are more complex and closer to the
enzymes in ___________ than _____________ - ANSWERSarchaea, eukaryota,
bacteria
Structures unique to Eukaryotes are - ANSWERSinternal membranes
mitochondria
chloroplasts
Plants are the only eukaryotes to have a central _____________ - ANSWERSvacuole
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine - ANSWERSDNA bases
The primary structure of DNA is defined by the - ANSWERSnitrogenous bases
The secondary structure of DNA is defined by the number of - ANSWERSpurines and
pyrimidines
DNA molecule structure is composed of - ANSWERStwo strands in opposite directions
called antiparallel
RNA is only a single strand of - ANSWERSgenetic material
The 5' end of a nucleotide connects to a - ANSWERSphosphate group
The 3' end of a nucleotide connects to a - ANSWERShydroxyl group
Strands Separate
New strand is copied using original as template
Each new DNA molecule is one old/one new - ANSWERSsemi conservative
mechanism
New double helix created by copying old one
entirely new DNA in the new molecule - ANSWERSconservative mechanism
DNA is cut into many fragments
These pieces are copied
The pieces are recombined
Each new molecule is bits of old and new DNA - ANSWERSdispersive mechanism
DNA templates are read in a _______________ direction - ANSWERS3 to 5
