NSG 3850 Exam 3 Actual Exam 100
Questions And Answers With
Rationale Practice Questions with
Solutions Newest | Already Graded
A+
1. A patient with nephrotic syndrome typically presents with
which triad of findings?
A) Hematuria, hypertension, oliguria
B) Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema
C) Pyuria, bacteriuria, fever
D) Polyuria, polydipsia, hyperglycemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by massive proteinuria
(>3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia (due to protein loss), and
generalized edema. Hyperlipidemia is also common. Hematuria
and hypertension are more typical of glomerulonephritis.
,2. Which laboratory finding is most suggestive of
glomerulonephritis rather than nephrotic syndrome?
A) Serum albumin 2.8 g/dL
B) 24-hour urine protein 4.5 g
C) Red blood cell casts in urine
D) Serum cholesterol 320 mg/dL
Answer: C
Rationale: RBC casts indicate glomerular bleeding, characteristic of
glomerulonephritis. Nephrotic syndrome typically shows fatty
casts, oval fat bodies, and protein without significant hematuria.
3. A patient with pyelonephritis would most likely complain
of:
A) Flank pain, fever, nausea
B) Suprapubic pain without fever
C) Painless hematuria
D) Nocturia and hesitancy
Answer: A
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis is a kidney infection causing flank
pain, high fever, chills, and often nausea/vomiting. Suprapubic
pain without fever suggests cystitis. Painless hematuria suggests
glomerular disease or tumor.
,4. The most common organism causing uncomplicated acute
pyelonephritis is:
A) Klebsiella pneumoniae
B) Proteus mirabilis
C) Escherichia coli
D) Enterococcus faecalis
Answer: C
Rationale: E. coli accounts for 80-85% of community-acquired
pyelonephritis. Proteus is more common with struvite stones;
Klebsiella and Enterococcus are less frequent.
5. A major modifiable risk factor for calcium oxalate kidney
stones is:
A) Family history of stones
B) Chronic dehydration
C) Hyperparathyroidism
D) Male gender
Answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration increases urine concentration of stone-
forming salts. While family history and hyperparathyroidism are
risk factors, they are not as easily modified as fluid intake. Male
gender is not modifiable.
, 6. Which type of kidney stone is associated with urease-
producing bacteria (e.g., Proteus)?
A) Calcium oxalate
B) Uric acid
C) Cystine
D) Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate)
Answer: D
Rationale: Urease-producing bacteria split urea into ammonia,
making urine alkaline and promoting struvite stone formation.
These “infection stones” can grow into staghorn calculi.
7. A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) develops
anemia primarily because of:
A) Iron deficiency from poor intake
B) Bone marrow suppression by uremic toxins
C) Decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys
D) Hemolysis from circulating immune complexes
Answer: C
Rationale: Erythropoietin is produced by peritubular cells in the
kidney. In ESRD, loss of functional mass leads to insufficient
erythropoietin, causing normocytic, normochromic anemia. Iron
deficiency may coexist but is not the primary cause.
Questions And Answers With
Rationale Practice Questions with
Solutions Newest | Already Graded
A+
1. A patient with nephrotic syndrome typically presents with
which triad of findings?
A) Hematuria, hypertension, oliguria
B) Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema
C) Pyuria, bacteriuria, fever
D) Polyuria, polydipsia, hyperglycemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by massive proteinuria
(>3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia (due to protein loss), and
generalized edema. Hyperlipidemia is also common. Hematuria
and hypertension are more typical of glomerulonephritis.
,2. Which laboratory finding is most suggestive of
glomerulonephritis rather than nephrotic syndrome?
A) Serum albumin 2.8 g/dL
B) 24-hour urine protein 4.5 g
C) Red blood cell casts in urine
D) Serum cholesterol 320 mg/dL
Answer: C
Rationale: RBC casts indicate glomerular bleeding, characteristic of
glomerulonephritis. Nephrotic syndrome typically shows fatty
casts, oval fat bodies, and protein without significant hematuria.
3. A patient with pyelonephritis would most likely complain
of:
A) Flank pain, fever, nausea
B) Suprapubic pain without fever
C) Painless hematuria
D) Nocturia and hesitancy
Answer: A
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis is a kidney infection causing flank
pain, high fever, chills, and often nausea/vomiting. Suprapubic
pain without fever suggests cystitis. Painless hematuria suggests
glomerular disease or tumor.
,4. The most common organism causing uncomplicated acute
pyelonephritis is:
A) Klebsiella pneumoniae
B) Proteus mirabilis
C) Escherichia coli
D) Enterococcus faecalis
Answer: C
Rationale: E. coli accounts for 80-85% of community-acquired
pyelonephritis. Proteus is more common with struvite stones;
Klebsiella and Enterococcus are less frequent.
5. A major modifiable risk factor for calcium oxalate kidney
stones is:
A) Family history of stones
B) Chronic dehydration
C) Hyperparathyroidism
D) Male gender
Answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration increases urine concentration of stone-
forming salts. While family history and hyperparathyroidism are
risk factors, they are not as easily modified as fluid intake. Male
gender is not modifiable.
, 6. Which type of kidney stone is associated with urease-
producing bacteria (e.g., Proteus)?
A) Calcium oxalate
B) Uric acid
C) Cystine
D) Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate)
Answer: D
Rationale: Urease-producing bacteria split urea into ammonia,
making urine alkaline and promoting struvite stone formation.
These “infection stones” can grow into staghorn calculi.
7. A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) develops
anemia primarily because of:
A) Iron deficiency from poor intake
B) Bone marrow suppression by uremic toxins
C) Decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys
D) Hemolysis from circulating immune complexes
Answer: C
Rationale: Erythropoietin is produced by peritubular cells in the
kidney. In ESRD, loss of functional mass leads to insufficient
erythropoietin, causing normocytic, normochromic anemia. Iron
deficiency may coexist but is not the primary cause.
